Strong Mucosal and Systemic Immunities Induced by Nasal Immunization with Anthrax Protective Antigen Protein Incorporated in Liposome–Protamine–DNA Particles

Abstract

The anti-PA immune response induced by nasal PA incorporated in LPD was comparable to that induced by nasal PA adjuvanted with cholera toxin or subcutaneously injected PA adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide.

Carbunco. Prevención de la enfermedad

“…También ha resultado exitosa la utilización de una vacuna a base de esporos de la cepa ΔSterne pXO1-, pXO2-, con posibilidad de expresar AP e inducir una respuesta anti AP mediada por IgG e IgAs cuando se la aplica por vía oral a cobayos, siendo capaz de proteger animales vacunados cuando se desafían con 20 DL 50 de B. anthracis. Las ventaja de estas vacunas orales reside en la facilidad de aplicación de las mismas, teniendo en cuenta el plan básico de inmunización que consta, como mí-nimo, de 6 aplicaciones (Aloni-Gristein et al, 2005;Flick-Smith et al, 2002;Mikszta et al, 2005;Sloat et al, 2005).…”

The anthrax vaccine: No new tricks for an old dog

“…39 In the future, it is possible that vaccination will occur via intranasal inoculations, as recent publications demonstrated that mucosal anthrax immunization induces antibody production in both the systemic and secretory-excretory compartments (i.e., saliva, vaginal fluid, respiratory lavages or fecal extracts). [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] In 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases emphasized the need for the continued development of anthrax vaccine candidates. Ideally, the new candidates should: (1) confer protection against inhalational anthrax; (2) be administered within three or fewer doses; (3) have shorter administration time; and (4) offer increased safety.…”

Biological weapons

“…While both AVA and rPA elicit high IgG anti-PA titers in animal models, it may be that induction of both systemic and mucosal immunity would result in superior protection [83,84]. Strategies to elicit mucosal immunity to anthrax include oral vaccination with Salmonella [85,86] or Lactobacillus [87] expressing PA, nasal instillation with rPA [90,91], nasal delivery of rPA associated with microspheres [90] or liposomes [91], and oral spore vaccination with attenuated B. anthracis expressing rPA [92]. Coulson [86].…”