“…Thus, when an individual's survival mode, namely, fight, flight, or freezing, is triggered by threat, resulting in the overactivation of the limbic system, reflective processes believed essential to creating a secure and safe base for one's child are impaired. It is for this reason that enhancing parental RF is a goal of many attachment-based interventions aimed at improving outcomes in highly stressed populations (Camoirano, 2017; Julian, Muzik, Kees, Valenstein, & Rosenblum, 2017; Pajulo et al, 2012; Powell, Cooper, Hoffman, & Marvin, 2013; Schechter et al, 2006; Steele, Steele, Bonuck, Meissner, & Murphy, 2018; Suchman, DeCoste, Castiglioni, et al, 2010; Suchman et al, 2017; Suchman, Ordway, de las Heras, & McMahon, 2016). A small number of noncontrolled studies of vulnerable mothers have reported significant (Pajulo et al, 2012; Schechter et al, 2006; Suchman et al, 2016) or trend-level (Muzik et al, 2015) changes in RF over the course of an intervention.…”