Strong Light-Induced Negative Optical Pressure Arising from Kinetic Energy of Conduction Electrons in Plasmon-Type Cavities

Liu, Hu; Ng, Jack; Wang, Shubo; Lin, Zhifang; Hang, Zhi Hong; Chan, Che Ting; Zhu, Shining

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.087401

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One unique feature is that the optical force acting on meta-atoms "2" can become negative (see Figure 2c). In contrast to previous studies, the origin of this negative force is neither a strong gradient force [42] nor the excitation of high order multipole moments. [43,44] It is due to the unusual phase response of the meta-atoms' charge around the antisymmetric mode.…”

Section: Collective Enhancement In Arrayscontrasting

confidence: 96%

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Liu

Powell

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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manipulate the optical chiral effect, i.e., to not only control the strength but also the sign of chirality over the entire resonance band, one needs to dynamically and spatially control the structural symmetry at the subwavelength scale. This becomes challenging for metamaterial structures operating at infrared or optical frequencies, and introducing dielectrics to avoid the high losses of metals further increases the demands on the design.One of the promising approaches for reconfiguring all-dielectric metamaterials and metasurfaces is to exploit optomechanical effects. [27][28][29][30][31][32] As has been shown in the previous studies, the direction of an optical force acting on optomechanical structures is determined by the symmetry of the eigenmode profiles; [33][34][35] to generate an optical force acting in a certain direction, one needs to break the structural symmetry in that direction [28,31,36] -this is the case when the internal optical force of the system, originating from the near-field interaction within the system, dominates.However, in open systems like metamaterials, in addition to the internal force, there is also a non-negligible external force due to the interaction of incident light and the system, and the latter can be designed to be much stronger than the former. Importantly, since the external force has many degrees of freedom controlled by the incident wave, it provides a new possibility to generate an optical force and even to control its direction without the restrictions imposed by structural symmetry.Here, we introduce an optomechanical paradigm that allows full spatial control of metamaterials and metasurfaces working at infrared and optical frequencies. First, we show analytically that for a general two-resonator coupled system, the optical forces acting on the two resonators are asymmetric as long as the incident field can simultaneously excite the two normal modes of the system, i.e., the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. We propose a simple system based on nonparallel coupled dipole meta-atoms, which is inherently achiral (mirror symmetric). We show analytically and numerically that due to the interaction and the collective enhancement in the array structure, the external force acting on the dipole metaatoms can become highly asymmetric if the incident polarization explicitly breaks the mirror symmetry of the system, i.e., when it is not aligned with the symmetry axes of the system or becomes circularly polarized. This relative force is maximized around the antisymmetric mode, where the unusual phase response of the coupled meta-atoms leads to optical forces A novel type of metamaterial is introduced, where the structural symmetry can be controlled by optical forces. Since symmetry sets fundamental bounds on the optical response, symmetry breaking changes the properties of metamaterials qualitatively over the entire resonant frequency band. This is achieved by a polarized pump beam, exerting optical forces which are not constrained by the structural symmetry. This new concept ...

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Section: Collective Enhancement In Arrayscontrasting

confidence: 96%

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Liu

Powell

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Our work opens the possibility for exploiting EM induced forces in micromechanics, such as the construction of tunable and nonlinear metamaterials, in the microwave regime. With qualitatively similar enhancement of the photon pressure already predicted theoretically for plasmonic cavities at optical frequencies [18], it is promising that further progress can be made in different frequency regimes by exploiting resonance-enhanced EM forces in metamaterials made up of an array of resonating units.…”

Section: Prl 112 045504 (2014) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Esupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The condition for resonance is satisfied when the separation is an integer multiple of half wavelengths. In our system, the underlying mechanism is fundamentally different as the effect arises due to the excitation of coupled resonances [16][17][18] on the parallelplate system. The gap between the two plates is about a factor of 200 smaller than the resonant wavelength, and the dominant factor in determining the resonant wavelength is the size of the plate rather than the gap between the plates.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the electromagnetically induced forces on the resonating units can be orders of magnitude larger than the conventional photon force on an ordinary reflecting surface [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Measurement or exploitation of the enhanced electromagnetic forces in metamaterials, however, is nontrivial because the strong currents induced in the metallic resonating elements also lead to heating.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Enhanced Radiation Force on a Parallel Metallic-Plate System in the Microwave Regime

et al. 2014

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We measure the force exerted by microwave radiation on a centimeter-sized parallel-plate metallic resonant unit. By varying the ambient environment, we distinguish carefully between the direct radiation force and the indirect photothermal component. At the microwave resonance, the former is measured quantitatively to be 100 times larger than the conventional radiation force. Furthermore, the enhanced radiation force tends to increase the separation of the plates. Both the direction and the magnitude of the measured force agree well with numerical calculations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.045504 PACS numbers: 81.05.Xj, 42.88.+h, 62.40.+i, 78.67.Pt Artificially structured materials such as metamaterials have demonstrated a remarkable ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) radiation in manners not possible with conventional media. Due to the resonant coupling of the resonating building blocks of these materials with EM fields, novel effects such as negative refraction [1,2], superimaging [3][4][5], and cloaking [2,6] have been achieved from the optical to microwave parts of the spectrum. One promising area of progress involves modifying the properties of the resonating units using EM radiation to construct tunable or reconfigurable systems. By incorporating elastically deformable elements [7], it is possible to design resonators whose structure can be controlled by the mechanical impact or the heating effects of the incident EM radiation. The tunable changes in the resonant wavelength can be exploited in a wide range of applications, such as reconfigurable [8][9][10][11] and nonlinear [12,13] metamaterials.At resonance, the EM fields in metamaterials and plasmonic structres are strongly concentrated at specific locations. As a result, the electromagnetically induced forces on the resonating units can be orders of magnitude larger than the conventional photon force on an ordinary reflecting surface [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Measurement or exploitation of the enhanced electromagnetic forces in metamaterials, however, is nontrivial because the strong currents induced in the metallic resonating elements also lead to heating. The mechanical deformations arising from such thermal effects are commonly associated with photothermal forces. In conventional materials, separating the effects of the EM force and the photothermal force often relies on the different time response of the mechanical structures [22]. Unlike the EM force that is exerted almost immediately on the structure as the radiation is turned on, there exists a time delay for the photothermal force. When the intensity of the incident EM radiation is time modulated at a frequency that is much higher than the rate of thermal relaxation, the periodic mechanical response to the photothermal force becomes negligible compared to the EM force, allowing these two effects to be separated from each other. For metamaterials, measurement of the enhanced EM force exerted on the resonating units, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported.In this Letter, we...

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“…1(a). This structure is a collection of metallic spheres (ε = −5 + 0.13i of gold at wavelength λ = 337 nm [49]) whose center sits on a left-handed spiral (the black line) [50]. The details of the structure are given in the figure caption.…”

Section: Optical Pullingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of optical pulling forces using chirality

et al. 2014

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The optical force acting on a chiral particle is qualitatively different from that acting on an achiral particle due to chirality-dependent forces which couple mechanical linear momentum with optical spin angular momentum. We show that such chirality-induced coupling can serve as a mechanism to realize optical pulling forces that can be predicted analytically and are also observed in full wave simulations for chiral structures.

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Strong Light-Induced Negative Optical Pressure Arising from Kinetic Energy of Conduction Electrons in Plasmon-Type Cavities

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Polarization‐Induced Chirality in Metamaterials via Optomechanical Interaction

Measurement of Enhanced Radiation Force on a Parallel Metallic-Plate System in the Microwave Regime

Realization of optical pulling forces using chirality

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