Strong Lensing by Galaxy Clusters

Natarajan, P.; Williams, L. L. R.; Bradač, M.; Grillo, C.; Ghosh, A.; Sharon, K.; Wagner, J.

doi:10.1007/s11214-024-01051-8

Space Sci Rev

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s11214-024-01051-8

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Strong Lensing by Galaxy Clusters

P. Natarajan,

L. L. R. Williams,

M. Bradač

et al.

Abstract: Galaxy clusters as gravitational lenses play a unique role in astrophysics and cosmology: they permit mapping the dark matter distribution on a range of scales; they reveal the properties of high and intermediate redshift background galaxies that would otherwise be unreachable with telescopes; they constrain the particle nature of dark matter and are a powerful probe of global cosmological parameters, like the Hubble constant. In this review we summarize the current status of cluster lensing observations and t… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 288 publications

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El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data

Galan,

Caminha,

Knollmüller

et al. 2024

A&A

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Gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters involves hundreds of galaxies over a large redshift range and increases the likelihood of rare phenomena (supernovae, microlensing, dark substructures, etc.). Characterizing the mass and light distributions of foreground and background objects often requires a combination of high-resolution data and advanced modeling techniques. We present the detailed analysis of a prominent quintuply imaged dusty star-forming galaxy ($ mainly lensed by three members of the massive galaxy cluster ACT-CL\,J0102$-$4915, also known as d =0.87$). We leverage JWST/NIRCam images, which contain lensing features that were unseen in previous HST images, using a Bayesian, multi-wavelength, differentiable and GPU-accelerated modeling framework that combines (lens modeling) and (field model and inference) software packages. For one of the deflectors, we complement lensing constraints with stellar kinematics measured from VLT/MUSE data. In our lens model, we explicitly include the mass distribution of the cluster, locally corrected by a constant shear field. We find that the two main deflectors (L1 and L2) have logarithmic mass density slopes steeper than isothermal, with $ L1 and $ L2 We argue that such steep density profiles can arise due to tidally truncated mass distributions, which we probe thanks to the cluster lensing boost and the strong asymmetry of the lensing configuration. Moreover, our three-dimensional source model captures most of the surface brightness of the lensed galaxy, revealing a clump with a maximum diameter of $400$ parsecs at the source redshift, visible at wavelengths $ rest mu m. Finally, we caution on using point-like features within extended arcs to constrain galaxy-scale lens models before securing them with extended arc modeling.

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El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data

Galan,

Caminha,

Knollmüller

et al. 2024

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Gravitational lensing by an ellipsoidal Navarro–Frenk–White dark-matter halo: An analytic solution and its properties

Heyrovský,

Karamazov

2024

A&A

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The analysis of gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters typically relies on ellipsoidal lens models to describe the deflection of light by the involved dark-matter halos. These models are most often based on the isothermal density profile---not an optimal description of the halo, but easy to use because it leads to an analytic deflection-angle formula. Dark-matter halos are better described by the Navarro--Frenk--White (hereafter NFW) density profile. We set out to study lensing by a general triaxial ellipsoidal NFW halo, with the aim of providing an analytic model that would be more consistent with the current understanding of dark-matter halos. We computed the conversion between the properties of a triaxial ellipsoidal lens model and its elliptical surface-density profile. In the case of the NFW lens model, its angular scale is defined by the projected scale semi-major axis of the halo, while its lensing regime depends on two parameters: the projected eccentricity $e$ and the convergence parameter $ s $. We employed the Bourassa Kantowski formalism to compute the complex scattering function of the model, which yields the deflection-angle components when separated into its real and imaginary parts. We present the obtained closed-form expressions for the deflection-angle components, valid for an arbitrary eccentricity of the surface-density profile. We use them to compute and describe the lensing properties of the model, including: the shear, its components, and the phase; the critical curves, caustics, and the parameter-space mapping of their different geometries; the deformations and orientations of images. The analytically solved ellipsoidal NFW lens model is available for implementation in gravitational lensing software. The techniques introduced here such as the image-plane analysis can prove to be useful for understanding the properties of other lens models as well.

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Strong Lensing by Galaxy Clusters

Cited by 2 publications

References 288 publications

El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data

El Gordo needs El Anzuelo: Probing the structure of cluster members with multi-band extended arcs in JWST data

Gravitational lensing by an ellipsoidal Navarro–Frenk–White dark-matter halo: An analytic solution and its properties

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