Strong interaction physics from hadronic atoms

Batty, C.J.; Friedman, E.; Gal, A.

doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(97)00011-2

Cited by 368 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The combined isoscalar parameter, b 0 + 0.215 ReB 0 = −0.0274 ± 0.0002, is in good agreement with that obtained in the analysis of the 205 Pb [28]. The imaginary part, ImB 0 = 0.0472 ± 0.0013, is consistent with the global-fit value of 0.055 ± 0.003 by Batty et al [26] and Friedman [29,30], considering that they included the angle-transformation (AT) term, which causes an appreciable decrease in the width [27]. In fact, the best-fit value in our analysis with the AT term included is: ImB 0 = 0.058 ± 0.003.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Such states were predicted to be produced as discrete states by nuclear reactions [21,22,23,24,25] and to provide unique information on the s-wave interaction, whereas in most pionic atoms the repulsive s-wave interaction is nearly counterbalanced by the attractive p-wave interaction (see, for instance, Batty et al [26]). In recent papers we showed that the density-dependent parameter b * 1 (ρ) can be well represented by a constant parameter b 1 [27], and developed a method to deduce the b 1 parameter [28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1s binding energy is insensitive to the p-wave potential, we could safely fix the p-wave parameters to the known values from pionic atom data [26]. Hereafter, the units of m Sn, 28 Si, 20 Ne, 16 The smallness of ReB 0 (−0.019 ± 0.017) supports the value (−0.038±0.025) claimed from the requirement that the effective b 0 consists of the free πN value and the double-scattering term [28].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Precision Spectroscopy of Pionic1sStates of Sn Nuclei and Evidence for Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in the Nuclear Medium

et al. 2004

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Deeply bound 1s states of π − in 115,119,123 Sn were preferentially observed using the Sn(d, 3 He) pion-transfer reaction under the recoil-free condition. The 1s binding energies and widths were precisely determined, and were used to deduce the isovector parameter of the s-wave pion-nucleus potential to be b1 = −0.115 ± 0.007 m −1 π . The observed enhancement of |b1| over the free πN value (b free 1 /b1 = 0.78 ± 0.05) indicates a reduction of the chiral order parameter, f * π (ρ) 2 /f 2 π ≈ 0.64, at the normal nuclear density, ρ = ρ0.PACS numbers: 36.10. Gv,13.75.Gx,14.40.Aq,25.45.Hi Our work deals with characteristic properties of strongly interacting bound sytems, hadrons, consisting of light quarks (u and d). Their masses are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller (m u ≃ 5MeV, m d ≃ 8MeV) than typical hadron masses of ≈ 1 GeV. This extraordinary phenomenon is proposed to be produced by spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry for massless quarks subject to the strong interaction [1,2,3]. It results in a ground state, the vacuum state, with a finite expectation value of quark-antiquark pairs, qq 0 ≈ −(250 MeV) 3 [4]. In such a scenario the hadrons are considered as quasi particle excitations of the condensate, qq , separated by an energy gap of ∼ 1 GeV. The lowest energy excitation modes of the condensate, so called Nambu-Goldstone bosons, are identified as pions. Their s-wave interaction with nucleons is predicted to vanish in its isoscalar part, and determined by the pion decay constant, f 2 π , in its isovector part [5,6] which is consistent with recent experimental values [7,8]. The f 2 π is also the order parameter of chiral symmetry breaking and directly connected to the magnitude of qq through the Gell-Mann-OaksRenner relation [4].We examine this chiral symmetry scenario by implanting a π − in a nuclear medium of density ρ [9, 10], where a new vacuum state with a reduced condensate, qq ρ , is proposed to be created [2]. This is the most basic case of a large effort to study the density and temperature dependence of the qq in relativistic heavy ion collisions.The density dependence of the quark condensate is expressed in the leading order by the pion-nucleon σ-term (σ N ≈ 45 MeV) in the following form [11]:which yields a reduction of about 0.65 for the normal nuclear density, ρ = ρ 0 = 0.17 fm −3 . Likewise, the pion decay constant in a medium (identified as the time component of the axial current) is reduced as [12],where the parameter α is predicted to be αρ 0 ≈ 0.45 from the chiral dynamics [13]. This reduction of the ratio is associated with the free and the in-medium isovector πN scattering length (b free 1 and b * 1 , respectively) as [14]Our program aims at measuring the isovector πN interaction parameter in the pion-nucleus potential (b * 1 (ρ)) [15] by studying deeply bound 1s states of π − in heavy N > Z nuclei [16,17,18,19,20]. Such states were predicted to be produced as discrete states by nuclear reactions [21,22,23,24,25] and to provide unique information on the s-wave interaction, where...

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision Spectroscopy of Pionic1sStates of Sn Nuclei and Evidence for Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in the Nuclear Medium

et al. 2004

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“…It turns out that these are levels of high angular momenta which force the conversion process to occur at the nuclear surface. The overlaps of the nuclear and atomic densities are localized in extreme surface regions and extend to distances as large as twice the nuclear radius [12]. Nuclear densities involved in the "upper" levels (states of the highest available angular momenta) amount to 3% of the central density.…”

Section: The Nuclear Conversion Of Atomic σ Hyperonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

πΛΣcoupling extracted from hyperonic atoms

Loiseau

Wycech

2001

Phys. Rev. C

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The latest measurements of the atomic level width in Σ-hyperonic Pb atom offer the most accurate datum in the region of low-energy Σ-hyperon physics. Atomic widths are due to the ΣN − ΛN conversion which in high angular momentum states is dominated by the one pion exchange. A joint analysis of the Σ − p → Λn scattering data and atomic widths allows to extract the pion-hyperon coupling constant f 2 πΛΣ /4π = 0.048 ± 0.005 (statistic) ±0.004 (systematic) or G 2 πΛΣ = 13.3 ± 1.4 (statistic) ±1.1 (systematic).

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“…The strong interaction last orbital shift and width of the kaonic atoms can be decided by x-ray spectroscopy. This information offers the unique possibility to precisely determine the K − -nucleus strong interaction at vanishing relative energy, and hence many experiments have been done to collect data on various targets, from helium to uranium inclusively [1]. The experimental data of most kaonic atoms except helium and oxygen were in good agreement with the fitting by the optical potential models [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Precision Spectroscopy of Kaonic Helium-3 Atoms X-rays at J-PARC

Iio

Bhang

Cargnelli

et al. 2010

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. We will measure the Balmer-series x-rays of kaonic-3 He atoms using large-area high-resolution silicon drift x-rays detectors in order to provide the crucial information of K − -nucleus strong interaction at the low energy limit. The strong interaction 2p level shift will be determined with a precision of a few eV. At the present status, the construction of all detectors is in progress. In February, 2009, the first tuning of K1.8BR beamline was performed by the secondary beam generated in J-PARC hadron facility. The data taking will be started soon.

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Strong interaction physics from hadronic atoms

Cited by 368 publications

References 137 publications

Precision Spectroscopy of Pionic1sStates of Sn Nuclei and Evidence for Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in the Nuclear Medium

Precision Spectroscopy of Pionic1sStates of Sn Nuclei and Evidence for Partial Restoration of Chiral Symmetry in the Nuclear Medium

πΛΣcoupling extracted from hyperonic atoms

Precision Spectroscopy of Kaonic Helium-3 Atoms X-rays at J-PARC

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