“…Due to the strong affinity between Ca and Ox and the low calcium oxalate (CaOx) solubility product, hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria are the most common cause of renal stones. The excretion of urinary citrate (Cit), which forms a soluble compound with Ca, reduces CaOx formation by depreciating the available Ca ions to interact with Ox [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate) can also inhibit CaOx crystallization (this ability is attributed to at least the first three above) [ 1 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”