Strong fragmentation of large rare gas clusters by high energy electron impact

Extensive water cluster fragmentation after low energy electron ionization

“…The oven was the same as used in Refs. [32,40]. Subsequently, the clusters passed through the VMI chamber, and in the next chamber the clusters were analyzed by a reflectron time-offlight mass spectrometer (RTOF) described in more detail elsewhere [41,21].…”

“…Subsequently, the clusters passed through the VMI chamber, and in the next chamber the clusters were analyzed by a reflectron time-offlight mass spectrometer (RTOF) described in more detail elsewhere [41,21]. The NaPI method was first introduced by Bucks' group [32,40]. Later on it was suggested by Signorells' group as a "sizer for weakly bound ultrafine A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t aerosol particles" due to the fragmentation-free ionization [33].…”

Communications: Observation of two classes of isomers of hydrated electrons in sodium-water clusters

“…The clusters were generated in a molecular beam machine with a reflectron time-of-flight ͑RETOF͒ mass spectrometer being described elsewhere in detail. 18,19 A water cluster beam is skimmed and crosses an atmosphere of sodium vapor created in a pickup cell ͑cell temperature of 490 K͒. The sodium doped clusters are detected by photoionization, mass resolved in the RETOF, and the ions are recorded by a multichannel plate.…”

“…This setup is particularly capable of generating molecular beams with high abundances of large clusters. 18,19 Expanding pure water at a stagnation pressure of 6.5 bar ͑reservoir temperature of 430 K and nozzle temperature of 440 K͒, a cluster size distribution with a median of ͗n͘ = 300 is generated. The upper panel of Fig.…”

Observation of electronic energy bands in argon clusters

“…The cluster-size distribution is relatively broad, 33,34 but on the assumption that the particles have the near-fcc, icosahedral structure N = 230 corresponds to somewhat more than three complete shells, which occurs at N = 147. Farges et al 35 interpreted their electron-diffraction data for ͗N͘ = 50-750 in terms of an icosahedral structure, but later studies 32,36 have not necessarily come to the same conclusion and there remains some doubt as to the structure of the clusters in the size range studied here.…”