Strong Field Electron Emission from Fixed in Space<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math>Ions

Odenweller, M.; Takemoto, Norio; Vredenborg, A.; Cole, Kathryn; Pahl, Kate; Titze, J.; Schmidt, L. Ph. H.; Jahnke, T.; Dørner, R.; Becker, Andreas

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.143004

Cited by 90 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The energy-resolved PMD measurements of H + 2 in Refs. [8,9] also exhibit the 2-lobe and 4-lobe structure at low and high photoelectron energies, respectively, which is in an agreement to our calculation. The gap along the p zaxis in Figure 7(a) is not surprising and reflects the fact that electrons are preferentially ionizing along the molecular axis because that's where most of the electron density lies.…”

Section: B Circular Polarizationsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In addition, the long-range Coulomb force slightly rotates the PMD, consistent to the measurements in Refs. [8,9]. Similar behaviour is known for atoms driven by an elliptically polarized laser pulse, where the preferred axis of ionization corresponds to the major axis of a polarization ellipse [2].…”

Section: B Circular Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Odenweller et al measured the H + 2 PMD driven by a circularly-polarized 780-nm laser pulse in Refs. [8,14], and it had a peak at p = 1.0. The fact that their PMD peak was located below the classical cutoff (p max = 1.6…”

Section: B Circular Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the PMD measurements of multi-photon ionization using the near-infrared (NIR, ∼800 nm), circularly-polarized laser pulse were made for H + 2 [8] and H 2 [9]. In these measurements, the kinetic energy release (KER) of proton fragments was coincidentally recorded with the PMD, enabling the determination of internuclear distances R at the time of ionization.…”

Section: The Hydrogen Molecular Ion (H +mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoelectron momentum distributions of the hydrogen molecular ion driven by multicycle near-infrared laser pulses

Murakami

Chu

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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The photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of the hydrogen molecular ion (2014)]. We will discuss the difference between the molecular (diatomic) and the atomic PMDs, and the effect of molecular potential to the photoelectron energy. In particular, we demonstrate that the above-threshold ionization spectra of H + 2 could upshift their energy when driven by a linearly polarized laser field in parallel to the molecular axis.

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Section: B Circular Polarizationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: B Circular Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: B Circular Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Hydrogen Molecular Ion (H +mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Photoelectron momentum distributions of the hydrogen molecular ion driven by multicycle near-infrared laser pulses

Murakami

Chu

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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“…However, if we compare the TDSE curves to the predictions of the SM model including depletion, we observe that a difference remains. This could indicate some unknown fundamental effects, such as an initial velocity [36]. The shift at small fields is explained mainly by Coulomb corrections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiabaticity in the lateral electron-momentum distribution after strong-field ionization

Henkel

Lein

Engel³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. A

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By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for atoms in short laser pulses of different polarizations, it is shown that in strong-field ionization without rescattering, the lateral width of the electron-momentum distribution corresponds adiabatically to the instantaneous laser field on a sub-laser-cycle time scale, as expected in pure tunneling ionization. In contrast to the distributions along the polarization direction, the width is affected little by depletion or Coulomb effects. Over the past three decades, rapid progress has been made in the development of lasers capable of producing strong pulses in the femtosecond regime. This had led to progress in many areas ranging from above-threshold ionization (ATI) [1] over highorder harmonic generation [2] and attosecond pulse generation [3] to laser-induced fragmentation of molecules [4,5], to name just a few. Many of the phenomena induced by strong fields have been explained on the basis of tunneling ionization. Tunneling is a purely quantum mechanical process, which is considered as one of the main differences from classical mechanics. Frequently, a semiclassical two-step model is invoked, which assumes that ionization leads to the birth of an unbound electron at the outer exit of the laser-induced tunneling barrier. After appearing in the classically allowed region, the electron motion is modeled by a Newtonian trajectory [6]. This has been used for many purposes, e.g., to derive cutoff laws in ATI [7,8], to describe Coulomb focusing [9], to correct the strong-field approximation for elliptically polarized fields [10], and to model the momentum distribution in angular streaking [11]. The semiclassical model is also the basis for the three-step model of high-order harmonic generation [12].For an understanding of strong-field processes it is essential to verify the validity of the tunneling and semiclassical pictures. Along these lines, attosecond angular streaking [13][14][15], originally proposed to measure the carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle pulses [16], has been utilized to put a small upper limit on the tunneling delay time between the maximum of the electric field and the appearance of the escaping electron [17], thus giving insight into strong-field ionization on extremely short time scales. The interpretation of the momentum spectra in angular streaking, however, is complicated by Coulomb effects on the electron trajectories after tunneling and furthermore it is restricted to the intensity range below saturation [11]. It is desirable to overcome these limitations of angular streaking.Recently, the importance of the lateral momentum distribution, i.e., the distribution in the direction perpendicular to the laser field, has been recognized [18][19][20]. If not modified by electron recollision, the lateral distribution carries direct information about the ionization step since there is no laserinduced force in this direction. The tunneling ionization rate decreases with increasing lateral momentum approximately as a Gaussian. The width of the Ga...

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Robust Strategies for Affirming Kramers-Henneberger Atoms

Zhang

2021

Topics in Applied Physics

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Strong Field Electron Emission from Fixed in SpaceH2+Ions

Cited by 90 publications

References 31 publications

Photoelectron momentum distributions of the hydrogen molecular ion driven by multicycle near-infrared laser pulses

Photoelectron momentum distributions of the hydrogen molecular ion driven by multicycle near-infrared laser pulses

Adiabaticity in the lateral electron-momentum distribution after strong-field ionization

Robust Strategies for Affirming Kramers-Henneberger Atoms

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