Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review

Törmä, Païvi; Barnes, William

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/1/013901

Cited by 1,308 publications

(1,169 citation statements)

References 225 publications

(430 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

1,098

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The discerned split δΕ are in the range of ≈7.5-9.1 meV, which satisfies the strong coupling criterion that the split is larger than the averaged linewidths of the two cavity modes (≈2.5-5.5 meV). [47,48] In contrast, mode splitting phenomenon cannot be clearly resolved at positionB owing to reduced coupling strength. This confirms that the coupling strength in this photonic molecule can be readily tuned by uti lizing the axial dimension of the microtube for spatialselective optical excitation.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Coupling in a Photonic Molecule Formed by Trapping a Microsphere in a Microtube Cavity

Wang

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

role for the efficient intercavity coupling. However, the evanescent field is relatively weak in the reported photonic mole cules because most of the optical field is strongly confined within the coupled cavities (e.g., microdisks, [4,8,11,18] micro toroids, [19] microspheres, [3] microrods, [5,20] and microfibers [7] ). As such, one needs a deliberate control on both the cavity geometries and the intercavity coupling gap to ensure a good spectral match and efficient evanescent coupling between the coupled cavities. [18] Moreover, dynamic tuning of the intercavity coupling strength has been investigated in recent years, which were carried out by advanced and sophisticated techniques such as strain tuning, [21,22] acoustooptic control, [23] and precise micromanipulation techniques. [3] To extend and promote the research in the field of photonic molecules, it is of high interest to design novel photonic molecules extending from adjacent solid microcavities to thinwalled hollow cavities which possess intense evanescent field facilitating intercavity coupling and provide novel strategy for tuning of the coupling strength.Microtube cavities, which are formed by selfrolling of pre strained nanomembranes, feature unique properties such as hollowcore structures and ultrathin cavity walls (≈100-300 nm) for the study of lightmatter interactions and the integration of "labinatube" systems. [24][25][26][27] These key merits enable extensive applications ranging from optofluidic sensing, [28][29][30][31] single cell analysis, [32] dynamic molecular process detection, [33] photon plasmon coupling, [34] to optical spin-orbit coupling.[35] To combine with other media/objects, luminescent quantum dots, [36,37] quantum wells, [38] and organic molecules [39] have been enwrapped into the microtube wall by the rolling up process, which couple photoluminescence (PL) light to the microtube cavities to support whisperinggallery mode (WGM) resonances. [37,40] In this context, a design and demonstration of photonic molecule based on microtube cavity is of fundamental interest for the study of strong optical coupling and the promo tion of its potential applications.Herein, we report a novel design of photonic molecule by trapping a microsphere cavity into the hollow core of a rolled up microtube cavity. We focus on studying the WGM coupling between the trapped microsphere and microtube cavity with a significant difference of cavity sizes, which is in contrast to pre vious reports where the two externally adjacent microcavities possess highly similar sizes [11,12,41] or slightly mismatched sizes (less than two times). [4][5][6][7]18,[42][43][44] Periodic modulations on A photonic molecule formed by trapping a microsphere cavity into a hollow microtube cavity is demonstrated, which provides a novel design over conventional photonic molecules comprised of solid-core whispering gallery mode microcavities with externally tangent configuration. Periodic spectral modulations of mode intensity, resonant mode shift, and quality factor are observed...

show abstract

Section: Fabrication and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Coupling in a Photonic Molecule Formed by Trapping a Microsphere in a Microtube Cavity

Wang

Yin

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…De, 76.40.+b, 78.47.jh Strong resonant light-matter coupling in a cavity setting is an essential ingredient in fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) studies [14] as well as in cavity-QED-based quantum information processing [8,9]. In particular, a variety of solid-state cavity QED systems have recently been examined [15][16][17][18], not only for the purpose of developing scalable quantum technologies, but also for exploring novel many-body effects inherent to condensed matter. For example, collective √ N -fold enhancement of light-matter coupling in an N -body system [19], combined with colossal dipole moments available in solids, compared to traditional atomic systems, is promising for entering uncharted regimes of ultrastrong light-matter coupling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonperturbative coupling of light with condensed matter in an optical cavity is expected to reveal a host of coherent many-body phenomena and states [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies [8,9]. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality (Q) factor has been a challenging goal [10][11][12][13]. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-Q terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of ∼360. The splitting of cyclotron resonance (CR) into the lower and upper polariton branches exhibited a √ ne-dependence on the electron density (ne), a hallmark of collective vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore, a small but definite blue shift was observed for the polariton frequencies due to the normally negligible A 2 term in the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-Q cavity suppressed the superradiant decay of coherent CR, which resulted in an unprecedentedly narrow intrinsic CR linewidth of 5.6 GHz at 2 K. These results open up a variety of new possibilities to combine the traditional disciplines of many-body condensed matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.PACS numbers: 78.67. De, 76.40.+b, 78.47.jh Strong resonant light-matter coupling in a cavity setting is an essential ingredient in fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) studies [14] as well as in cavity-QED-based quantum information processing [8,9]. In particular, a variety of solid-state cavity QED systems have recently been examined [15][16][17][18], not only for the purpose of developing scalable quantum technologies, but also for exploring novel many-body effects inherent to condensed matter. For example, collective √ N -fold enhancement of light-matter coupling in an N -body system [19], combined with colossal dipole moments available in solids, compared to traditional atomic systems, is promising for entering uncharted regimes of ultrastrong light-matter coupling. Nonintuitive quantum phenomena can occur in such regimes, including a "squeezed" vacuum state [1], the Dicke superradiant phase transition [2,3], the breakdown of the Purcell effect [4], and quantum vacuum radiation [5] induced by the dynamic Casimir effect [6,7].Specifically, in a cavity QED system, there are three rates that jointly characterize different light-matter coupling regimes: g, κ, and γ. The parameter g is the coupling constant, with 2g being the vacuum Rabi splitting between the two normal modes, the lower polariton (LP) and upper polariton (UP), of the coupled system. The parameter κ is the photon decay rate of the cavity; τ cav = κ −1 is the photon lifetime of the cavity, and the cavity Q = ω 0 τ cav at mode frequency ω 0 . The parameter γ is the nonresonant matter decay rate, which is usually the decoherence rate in ...

show abstract

“…Mf, 42.50.Nn, 71.36.+c Plasmon-exciton-polaritons (PEPs) are hybrid lightmatter states that emerge from the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between surface plasmons (SPs) and nearby quantum emitters (QEs) [1,2]. Crucially, PEPs only exist when these two subsystems are strongly coupled, i.e., they exchange EM energy coherently in a time scale much shorter than their characteristic lifetimes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Optics Approach to Plasmon-Exciton Strong Coupling in Nanocavities

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate the conditions yielding plasmon-exciton strong coupling at the single emitter level in the gap between two metal nanoparticles. A quasi-analytical transformation optics approach is developed that makes possible a thorough exploration of this hybrid system incorporating the full richness of its plasmonic spectrum. This allows us to reveal that by placing the emitter away from the cavity center, its coupling to multipolar dark modes of both even and odd parity increases remarkably. This way, reversible dynamics in the population of the quantum emitter takes place in feasible implementations of this archetypal nanocavity.PACS numbers: 73.20. Mf, 42.50.Nn, 71.36.+c Plasmon-exciton-polaritons (PEPs) are hybrid lightmatter states that emerge from the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between surface plasmons (SPs) and nearby quantum emitters (QEs) [1,2]. Crucially, PEPs only exist when these two subsystems are strongly coupled, i.e., they exchange EM energy coherently in a time scale much shorter than their characteristic lifetimes. Recently, much attention has focused on PEPs, since they combine the exceptional light concentration ability of SPs with the extreme optical nonlinearity of QEs. These two attributes makes them promising platforms for the next generation of quantum nanophotonic components [3].A quantum electrodynamics description of plasmonic strong coupling of a single QE has been developed for a flat metal surface [4], and isolated [5,6] and distant nanoparticles [7][8][9], where SP hybridization is not fully exploited. From the experimental side, in recent years, PEPs have been reported in emitter ensembles [10][11][12][13], in which excitonic nonlinearities are negligible [14][15][16]. Only very recently, thanks to advances in the fabrication and characterization of large Purcell enhancement nanocavities [17][18][19], far-field signatures of plasmonexciton strong coupling for single molecules have been reported experimentally [20].In this Letter, we theoretically investigate the plasmonic coupling of a single emitter in a paradigmatic cavity: the nanometric gap between two metallic particles [13,19,20]. We consider spherical-shaped nanoparticles, and develop a transformation optics (TO) [21,22] approach that fully accounts for the rich EM spectrum that originates from SP hybridization across the gap. Our method, which is the first application of TO concepts to treat quantum optical phenomena, yields quasianalytical insight into the Wigner-Weisskopf problem [23] for these systems, and enables us to reveal the prescriptions that nanocavities must fulfil to support single QE PEPs. (1) level system (with transition frequency ω E and z-oriented arXiv:1605.09443v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

show abstract

Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review

Cited by 1,308 publications

References 225 publications

Strong Coupling in a Photonic Molecule Formed by Trapping a Microsphere in a Microtube Cavity

Strong Coupling in a Photonic Molecule Formed by Trapping a Microsphere in a Microtube Cavity

Collective non-perturbative coupling of 2D electrons with high-quality-factor terahertz cavity photons

Transformation Optics Approach to Plasmon-Exciton Strong Coupling in Nanocavities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About