Strong community-based health systems and national governance predict improvement in coverage of oral rehydration solution (ORS): a multilevel longitudinal model

Andrus, Althea; Cohen, Robert; Carvajal-Aguirre, Liliana; Arifeen, Shams El; Weiss, William

doi:10.7189/jogh.10.010503

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the use of ORT was as low as 18.9%. Similarly, ORS for treatment of diarrhoeal diseases in children has been reported to remain below 50% in many low-income countries, despite available evidence suggesting that scaling up the use of ORS is a cost-effective way to highly reduce preventable child deaths [21]. Children living in rural areas and were less likely to receive ORS treatment and zinc supplementation than those in the urban areas, whereas children in the higher wealth index groups were more likely to receive ORS treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation for treatment of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Sudan

et al. 2020

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Objectives The decline in diarrhoeal disease-related mortality globally has been attributed to the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc supplementation. However, data on ORS and zinc supplementation in Sudan are scarce. We aimed to investigate the access to ORS and zinc treatments and the associated factors, through the analysis of the latest available data from Sudan-Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)-2014 obtained from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Results A total of 14,081 children were included in this analysis. During the 2 weeks preceding the survey, 29.3% of these children had a diarrhoeal disease. Only 18.9% and 14.8% of these children had received ORS and zinc supplements, respectively. Whereas children from the higher wealth index groups were more likely to receive ORS treatment (fourth group: AOR = 1.301; 95% CI 1.006–1.682), children from rural areas were less likely to receive ORS treatment (AOR = 0.666; 95% CI 0.552–0.803) and zinc supplements (AOR = 0.603; 95% CI 0.500–0.728). The results indicate the existence of unequal access to treatment of childhood diarrhoeal diseases among children under 5 years in Sudan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation for treatment of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Sudan

et al. 2020

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“…In countries that might have policies related to diarrhea treatment, there could be policy implementation gaps. Highlighting policy alone is not sufficient but other factors related to engagement and government effectiveness may play a role in ORS uptake as well [ 86 ]. Scaling of ORS has been more successful in countries that have both national buy-in and collaborations between government and private sections [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an effective and cheap treatment for diarrheal disease; globally, one of the leading causes of death in children under five. The World Health Organization launched a global campaign to improve ORT coverage in 1978, with activities such as educational campaigns, training health workers and the creation of designate programming. Despite these efforts, ORT coverage remains relatively low. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low and middle-income countries. Methods A comprehensive search strategy comprised of relevant subject headings and keywords was executed in 5 databases including OVID Medline, OVID Embase, OVID HealthStar, Web of Science and Scopus. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment, and a directed content analysis approach to data extraction was conducted and aligned to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to facilitate narrative synthesis. Results The search identified 1570 citations and following removal of duplicates as well as screening according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 55 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. Twenty-three countries were represented in this review, with India, Bangladesh, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa having the most representation of available studies. Study dates ranged from 1981 to 2020. Overarching thematic areas spanning the barriers and facilitators that were identified included: availability and accessibility, knowledge, partnership engagement, and design and acceptability. Conclusion A systematic review of studies on implementation of ORT in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) highlights key activities that facilitate the development of successful implementation that include: (1) availability and accessibility of ORT, (2) awareness and education among communities, (3) strong partnership engagement strategies, and (4) adaptable design to enhance acceptability. The barriers and facilitators identified under the CIFR domains can be used to build knowledge on how to adapt ORT to national and local settings and contribute to a better understanding on the implementation and use of ORT in LMICs. The prospects for scaling and sustaining ORT (after years of low use) will increase if implementation research informs local applications, and implementers engage appropriate stakeholders and test assumptions around localized theories of change from interventions to expected outcomes. Registration A protocol for this systematic review was developed and uploaded onto the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews database (Registration number: CRD420201695).

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“…Many oral rehydration solutions are available OTC as tablets, capsules, or powders to be mixed with water. General dosing for adults can be up to 750 mL/hour as necessary for dehydration 67 . Specific education should be provided to the patient in terms of how long to use the products and what are worsening symptoms that may require medical attention.…”

Section: Oral Rehydration Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive review on recent clinical updates and management tools for pharmacists

Bhargab

Dash²,

Newar

et al. 2021

PBJ

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In the Hubei region of China, a pneumonia outbreak occurred in December 2019, which was confirmed to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It quickly became known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or simply COVID-19, a pandemic that continues to devastate countries across the world. Through this COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists across the globe have continued to offer direct patient care and provided frontline service to society. However, while the frontline staff is heralded, they are relegated to the background and overlooked most of the time. The most reachable healthcare providers are pharmacists because they can provide direct medical services despite tight regulations and restrictions related to the pandemic. During this pandemic, the involvement of pharmacists to handle COVID-19 and its complications proved to be crucial in alleviating the burden on the already strained healthcare system. They have provided very important services such as distributing medications to patients, encouraging adherence to medications for better control of chronic diseases, consulting on minor illnesses, clarifying myths regarding COVID-19, and contributing to COVID-19 screening. The treatment or management of COVID-19 was based on initial findings but is now being updated several times based on viral mutation, different studies across the globe, etc. This review focuses on recent clinical updates and tools that would help pharmacists with a more systematic approach to properly handling COVID-19 and its complications.

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Strong community-based health systems and national governance predict improvement in coverage of oral rehydration solution (ORS): a multilevel longitudinal model

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Access to oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation for treatment of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Sudan

Access to oral rehydration solution and zinc supplementation for treatment of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Sudan

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive review on recent clinical updates and management tools for pharmacists

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