Strong coherent interaction of Nd3+–Nd3+ pair ions in CaF2 crystal

Optical spectra and excited state relaxation dynamics of Nd3+ in CaF2 single crystal

“…2 presents details of the 10 K absorption band related to the transition between the lowest crystal field levels of the ground 4 I 9/2 and excited 4 G 5/2 states of Nd 3+ in CaF 2 crystal. Assignment of the band components follows the analysis of the spectra and notation proposed in [7]. The M and N centers are the rhombic (Nd 3+ -F − i ) 2 dimer clusters and trigonal (Nd 3+ -F − i ) 4 tetramer clusters formed through the mutual attraction of the Nd 3+ -F − i dipoles.…”

“…The laser-selective-excitation studies of hydrogenated CaF 2 :Nd 3+ crystals have identified numerous F-charge compensated centers in addition to well established C 4V centers [5,6]. Site selective and time resolved spectroscopy has been applied to determine level splitting and nonradiative relaxation of aggregated centers in Nd 3+ -doped CaF 2 [7][8][9][10]. As far as we know, only one published paper has been devoted to the assessment of laser potential of Nd 3+ -doped CaF 2 system [11].…”

Using biharmonic laser pumping for preparation of pure and entangled multiexciton states in clusters of resonantly interacting fluorescent centres

“…In practice, this circumstance leads to more complex character of the interion resonant interaction and, in particular, it is responsible for additional splitting of the energy levels, cf. [24,26]. There are two reasons for such: first, nothing like this exists for the case of quantum dots and dye molecules, and we have in mind quite general consideration which could be applied (scaled) for different physical systems.…”

“…This is motivated not only by our recent experiments demonstrating the preparation of entangled vacuum and single exciton, as well as vacuum and biexciton, states for the pairs of such ions (M-centres) [11], but also by the existence of the ''naturally designed'' tetramers composed by such ions (N-centres) [18,23]. These M-and N-centres were under intensive investigation during the last years [24][25][26][27][28], and are investigated nowadays aiming exactly the realization of the quantum states considered here.…”

Double optical resonance spectroscopy of the ion pairs in crystal

“…The following mechanisms of ion interaction that can result in the appearance of satellite structure of the order of a few cm -1 have been considered in the literature: (1) exchange/superexchange interaction between ions in pairs in the ground state [28]; (2) dynamical electric quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between ions [29]; (3) crystal-field perturbation due to the size difference between dopant and host ions [30].…”