Strong and weak ties in employment and crime

Calvó‐Armengol, Antoni; Verdier, Thierry; Zénou, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.011

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…11 Our two concepts of social capital are linked with weak and strong ties sometimes mentioned in the literature on labor markets and social networks. According to Calvó-Armengol et al (2007) for example, strong ties are those connecting ''members of the same family or very close friends" and weak ties as ''a transitory social encounter between two persons". Although it may not be immediately clear why we introduce these two social capital dimensions, it will become evident that this is a necessary distinction when rationalizing the empirical results, especially in terms of the effect that social capital has on unemployment probability.…”

Section: Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local social capital and geographical mobility

David

Janiak

Wasmer

2010

Journal of Urban Economics

126

120

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a b s t r a c tIn the North of Europe, club membership is higher than in the South, but the frequency of contacts with friends, relatives and neighbors is lower. We link this fact to another one: the low geographical mobility rates in the South of Europe relative to the North.To interpret these facts, we build a model of local social capital and mobility. Investing in local ties is rational when workers do not expect to move to another region. We find that observationally close individuals may take different paths characterized by high local social capital, low mobility and high unemployment, vs. low social capital, high propensity to move and higher employment probability. Employment protection reinforces the accumulation of local social capital and thus reduces mobility.European data supports the theory: within a country and at the individual level, more social capital is associated with lower mobility.

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Section: Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local social capital and geographical mobility

David

Janiak

Wasmer

2010

Journal of Urban Economics

126

120

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“…Then, individual i is directly influenced by g i = P n i j=1 g ij e j while individual k is directly influenced by g k = P n k j=1 g kj e j , and there is little chance for these two values to be the same unless the network is complete (i.e. everybody 15 Respondents listened to pre-recorded questions through earphones and then they entered their answers directly on laptop computers. This administration of the survey for sensitive topics minimizes the potential for interview and parental influence, while maintaining data security.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survey asks students how often they participate in each of the different activities during the past year. 15 Each response is coded using an ordinal scale ranging from 0 (i.e. never participate) to 1 (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile Delinquency and Conformism

Patacchini

Zénou

2010

SSRN Journal

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This paper studies whether conformism behavior affects individual outcomes in crime. We present a social network model of peer effects with ex-ante heterogeneous agents and show how conformism and deterrence affect criminal activities. We then bring the model to the data by using a very detailed dataset of adolescent friendship networks. A novel social network-based empirical strategy allows us to identify peer effects for different types of crimes. We find that conformity plays an important role for all crimes, especially for petty crimes. This suggests that, for juvenile crime, an effective policy should not only be measured by the possible crime reduction it implies but also by the group interactions it engenders.

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“…firms do not have perfect information on workers' residence. 7 This efficiency wage has the standard properties of non-spatial models (Shapiro and Stiglitz, 1984). Indeed, when b, a, or δ increases, or m decreases (these are the nonspatial effects), the efficiency wage has to increase in order to prevent shirking.…”

Section: Endogenous Wagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, few models of social networks in the labor market are dynamic. Montgomery (1994) and Calvó-Armengol et al (2007) propose a dynamic model of weak and strong ties but the former focuses on inequality while the latter on the interaction between crime and labor markets. Calvó-Armengol and Jackson (2004) have a more general network analysis (since they can encompass any network structure) but do not model the urban space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interactions and Labor Market Outcomes in Cities

Zénou

2008

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Social Interactions and Labor Market Outcomes in CitiesYves Zenou The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACT Social Interactions and Labor Market Outcomes in Cities *We develop a model where information about jobs is essentially obtained through friends and relatives, i.e. strong and weak ties. Workers commute to a business center to work and to interact with other people. We find that housing prices increase with the level of social interactions in the city because information about jobs is transmitted more rapidly and, as a result, individuals are more likely to be employed and to be able to pay higher land rents. We also show that, under some condition, workers using more their weak ties than strong ties to find a job receive a higher wage. We finally demonstrate that workers living far away from jobs pay lower housing prices but experience higher unemployment rates than those living close to jobs because they mainly rely on their strong ties to obtain information about jobs.JEL Classification: D85, J60, R14

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Strong and weak ties in employment and crime

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Local social capital and geographical mobility

Local social capital and geographical mobility

Juvenile Delinquency and Conformism

Social Interactions and Labor Market Outcomes in Cities

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