Although the links between marital quality and physical health are now well established, the psychological processes through which marriage impacts health remain unclear. Additionally, prior research on the links between marriage and health has focused mainly on how negative aspects of relationships (e.g., conflict, hostility) can be damaging to one's physical health. In this article, we describe the strength and strain model of marital quality and health, which provides a roadmap for studying protective factors underlying marriage-health links. We home in one relationship process-partner responsiveness-and one broad class of psychological mechanisms -affective processes-to illustrate core aspects of the model. Our review suggests that future research will profit from a greater integration of theory from the social psychology of close relationships into studies of relationships and health. Keywords marriage; health; marital quality; relationships; cortisol For many, marriage is the most important adult relationship that they will enter in their lifetimes. A troubled marriage leads to pain and heartache, whereas a happy marriage is one of the strongest predictors of personal well-being [1]. Increasingly, people are asking a lot from their marriages, expecting spouses to satisfy their personal psychological needs (e.g., self-esteem needs) more than any other time in history [2]. It thus may come as no surprise that the quality of peoples' marriages are consistently linked to physical health and longevity. Support for this comes from a recent meta-analysis showing that people in higher quality marriages have better physical health and lower levels of mortality [3]. However, what could not be determined from that meta-analysis was notable. For instance, only a handful of studies separated out effects of positive marital characteristics (e.g., responsiveness, intimacy) from negative characteristics (e.g., conflict, hostility), and almost Please address correspondence to Richard B. Slatcher (rich.slatcher@gmail.com). Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A roadmap for answering the question of how marital quality impacts physical health may be found in Figure 1. This theoretical framework-the strength and strain model [originally described in 4 but refined here]-has guided our work in this area. In this model, marital strengths-such as partner responsiveness-have salutary effects on health, above and beyond the deleterious effects of marital strains, marked by conflict, hostility, and related processes. Further, this model describes how marital strengths can h...