Stroke‐related epilepsy

Abstract

Stroke is the cause of about 10% of all epilepsy and 55% of newly diagnosed seizures among the elderly. Although recent advances in acute stroke therapy have improved longevity, there has been a consequent rise in the prevalence of stroke-related epilepsy (STRE). Many clinical studies make a distinction between early (within 7 days of onset of stroke) and late (beyond 7 days of onset of stroke) seizures based on presumed pathophysiological differences. Although early seizures are thought to be the consequence of local metabolic disturbances without altered neuronal networks, late seizures are thought to occur when the brain has acquired a predisposition for seizures. Overall, STRE has a good prognosis, being well controlled by antiepileptic drugs. However, up to 25% of cases become drug resistant. STRE can also result in increased morbidity, longer hospitalization, greater disability at discharge and greater resource utilization. Additional controlled trials are needed to explore the primary and secondary prevention of STRE as well as to provide highquality evidence on efficacy and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs to guide treatment of STRE. Robust pre-clinical and clinical prediction models of STRE are also needed to develop treatments to prevent the transformation of infarcted tissue into an epileptic focus.

Involvement of the Benzodiazepine Site in the Anticonvulsant Activity of Tapinanthus globiferus against Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures in Mice

“…The severity of PTZ-induced convulsion as shown in ▶ Fig. 4 c [median (25th percentile-75th percentile)] was attenuated significantly by MLE 100 mg/kg and DZP 3 mg/kg [8 (9-13) and 6 (8-10), respectively] as compared to vehicletreated group 15 (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In ▶ Fig.…”

“…In the clinic, the development of seizures is often preceded by a stroke. According to Feyissa et al [22], stroke is the cause of about 10 % of all epilepsy and 55 % of newly diagnosed seizures among the elderly. Although the ethnopharmacological evidence on T. globiferus strongly suggests the potential of its crude extract and active principles in attenuating seizure occurrence, few studies on this plant presented contradicting and preliminary data.…”

Profil Kejang Pasca Stroke pada Pasien Rawat Inap Periode Juli 2018 - Juni 2019 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

“…Faktor-faktor risiko yang diketahui berpe-ran pada usia <65 tahun untuk terjadinya kejang pasca stroke ialah hiponatremia, subtipe stroke hemoragik, konsumsi alkohol, keterlibatan kortikal, dan keparahan stroke. 8 Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa berdasarkan pekerjaan, distribusi pasien kejang pasca stroke terbanyak bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (29,17%), diikuti pegawai swasta (20,38%), petani (16,67%), wiraswasta (16,67%), pegawai negeri sipil (12,50%), dan buruh (4,17%) (Tabel 2). Data Riskesdas menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pasien stroke banyak terdapat pada golongan yang tidak bekerja diikuti dengan pegawai negeri sipil, pekerjaan lainnya, dan wiraswasta.…”

Overview of Post-Stroke Epilepsy

“…Statin therapy has been shown to be beneficial to prevent post-stroke seizures in the acute phase. The positive effect of statins results from their anticonvulsant/inflammatory mechanism in preventing injury to the blood-brain barrier [8]. In the light of all these elements, four clinical situations are distinguished [21]: 1) Early seizure with contributing factors: no antiepileptic treatment.…”

“…Experimental studies suggest that the modifications of neuronal membranes properties and the pathological neurotransmitter balance and organization of connections make the neural networks abnormally excitable and hypersynchronized. The epileptogenic role of iron deposits is the most commonly accepted hypothesis to explain the high prevalence of post-hemorrhagic stroke seizures[8].…”