Abstract:BackgroundStroke campaigns are educating about the need to immediately contact the emergency medical system if symptoms occur. Despite higher stroke rates among patients with diabetics and some migrant populations, there are few data about stroke knowledge in these groups.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 250 diabetes patients from Germany and Turkey in a primary care and diabetes practice center. The two-page questionnaire asked for stroke knowledge and socio-demographic data. A… Show more
“…The venous system has, in general, received much less attention than the arterial system, but dysfunctional cerebral drainage could have major implications for the ocular tissues. For example, cerebral venous outflow impairment due to stenosis or compression of the internal jugular veins has been implicated in the development of monocular blindness [ 152 ]. Although even recent work describes the cerebrospinal venous system as valveless, there appears to be evidence of valving in the internal jugular vein in children [ 153 ] and adults [ 151 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 ], even though considerable anatomic variation is present [ 158 ].…”
Section: The Ocular Environment In Spaceflightmentioning
Although changes to visual acuity in spaceflight have been observed in some astronauts since the early days of the space program, the impact to the crew was considered minor. Since that time, missions to the International Space Station have extended the typical duration of time spent in microgravity from a few days or weeks to many months. This has been accompanied by the emergence of a variety of ophthalmic pathologies in a significant proportion of long-duration crewmembers, including globe flattening, choroidal folding, optic disc edema, and optic nerve kinking, among others. The clinical findings of affected astronauts are reminiscent of terrestrial pathologies such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension that are characterized by high intracranial pressure. As a result, NASA has placed an emphasis on determining the relevant factors and their interactions that are responsible for detrimental ophthalmic response to space. This article will describe the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure syndrome, link it to key factors in physiological adaptation to the microgravity environment, particularly a cephalad shifting of bodily fluids, and discuss the implications for ocular biomechanics and physiological function in long-duration spaceflight.
“…The venous system has, in general, received much less attention than the arterial system, but dysfunctional cerebral drainage could have major implications for the ocular tissues. For example, cerebral venous outflow impairment due to stenosis or compression of the internal jugular veins has been implicated in the development of monocular blindness [ 152 ]. Although even recent work describes the cerebrospinal venous system as valveless, there appears to be evidence of valving in the internal jugular vein in children [ 153 ] and adults [ 151 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 ], even though considerable anatomic variation is present [ 158 ].…”
Section: The Ocular Environment In Spaceflightmentioning
Although changes to visual acuity in spaceflight have been observed in some astronauts since the early days of the space program, the impact to the crew was considered minor. Since that time, missions to the International Space Station have extended the typical duration of time spent in microgravity from a few days or weeks to many months. This has been accompanied by the emergence of a variety of ophthalmic pathologies in a significant proportion of long-duration crewmembers, including globe flattening, choroidal folding, optic disc edema, and optic nerve kinking, among others. The clinical findings of affected astronauts are reminiscent of terrestrial pathologies such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension that are characterized by high intracranial pressure. As a result, NASA has placed an emphasis on determining the relevant factors and their interactions that are responsible for detrimental ophthalmic response to space. This article will describe the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure syndrome, link it to key factors in physiological adaptation to the microgravity environment, particularly a cephalad shifting of bodily fluids, and discuss the implications for ocular biomechanics and physiological function in long-duration spaceflight.
“…Human clinical studies involving the measurement of VEGF levels following stroke are ongoing. In a recently published examination of VEGF plasma values after ischemic stroke, there was a persistent increase in VEGF for three months in all subtypes of stroke [ 41 ]. There was a correlation between VEGF plasma levels and neurological/functional outcome based on ischemia subtype [ 41 ].…”
In recent years, growth factor therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for ischemic brain injury. The efficacy of therapies that either directly introduce or stimulate local production of growth factors and their receptors in damaged brain tissue has been tested in a multitude of models for different Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. These growth factors include erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), among others. Despite the promise shown in animal models, the particular growth factors that should be used to maximize both brain protection and repair, and the therapeutic critical period, are not well defined. We will review current pre-clinical and clinical evidence for growth factor therapies in treating different causes of brain injury, as well as issues to be addressed prior to application in humans.
“…The finding that younger women were more knowledgeable on the present topics is consistent with previous studies. 22 23 This finding might be explained by patients having varying accessibility to information according to their age. For example, the proportion of Internet users is lower in older populations than in the average population.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the proportion of Internet users is lower in older populations than in the average population. 23 Older patients with less exposure to the Internet might demonstrate both lower information literacy and lower level of knowledge.…”
PurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, which, along with its precursors, can be diagnosed and treated with cervical conization (CC). This study aimed to assess HPV- and procedure-related knowledge among women who had undergone CC.Materials and MethodsBetween February and May 2014, consecutive women who had undergone CC at five different educational hospitals were recruited. All patients had undergone a loop electrosurgical excision procedure as the method of CC. A survey was conducted with a self-developed, 29-item questionnaire, measuring knowledge related to HPV and CC. We analyzed the responses of 160 patients who completed the questionnaire.ResultsMean total knowledge scores (±standard deviation) for HPV and CC were 5.2±3.0 of a possible 13.0 and 8.3±4.2 of a possible 16.0, respectively. While 73% of the patients knew that HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, only 44% knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. The purpose of CC was correctly identified by 71% of the patients. However, 35% failed to indicate the anatomical area resected at the time of CC in the schematic diagram. Women who were younger (p<0.001), had higher education level (p<0.001), and higher family income (p=0.008) had higher knowledge scores. In contrast, neither interval from CC to survey nor disease severity were associated with total knowledge score.ConclusionThe level of knowledge related to HPV and CC was unexpectedly low in women who had undergone CC. Intuitive educational resources may improve this knowledge, and further cohort studies are warranted.
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