Stroke‐Independent Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Functional Dependence, Depression, and Low Quality of Life in Elderly Community‐Dwelling Brazilian People

Abstract

Met.S was significantly associated with functional dependence, depression, cognitive impairment, and low HRQoL, and its effects were independent of clinical stroke, IHD, and its own individual components.

Components of the metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older people: the Bambuí Cohort Aging Study

“…In some studies, no association was found between any individual component and depression. 5,11 Yet other studies showed that low HDL, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose level, increased waist circumference, and obesity were associated with depressive symptoms. [7][8][9][10] Differences in sampling, region of residence, and variations in lifestyle can explain these inconsistent results.…”

“…5,6,9,10 Roriz-Cruz et al 5 investigated the association between MetS and depression in a sample of 420 individuals aged 60 years or above from two communities in southern Brazil. They found significantly worse scores for GDS as the number of clustered MetS components increased in the stroke-free population using an ANOVA.…”

“…Although measures of depression based on a structured psychiatric interview are desirable, their incorporation into communitybased epidemiological studies poses substantial logistical challenges and self-report measures remain the most widely used instruments in these studies. 5,6,9,11 Second, MetS was defined according to the ATP III-NCEP criteria, even if others definitions exist. Nevertheless, a recent meta-analysis did not find significant differences between the use of different criteria for MetS (ATP-III-A, ATP-III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions).…”

“…Different studies have reported a positive trend toward the association between the number of MetS components and depression in young and older adults. 5,10,[13][14][15] However, a significant association between MetS components and depressive symptoms has not been detected. 6,9 To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies focusing on the moderating effect of increasing number of MetS components on the association between MetS and depressive symptoms in population-based studies including older adults.…”

“…1,2 In the past decades, several studies have reported a significant association between the MetS and depression among young 3,4 and older adults. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] A recent meta-analysis indicates that the relationship between the MetS and depression is probably bidirectional. 12 There is little information on how the number of MetS components relates to depressive symptoms, an aspect which is not usually investigated as a primary outcome.…”