Stroke in Saudi Children

Al-Sulaiman, Abdulsalam A.; Bademosi, O.; Ismail, Hassan; Magboll, Gadi

doi:10.1177/088307389901400505

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…In 2013, death rates in developing countries were significantly higher than in developed countries. In 1990, in developing countries, death rates for IS and HS were highest in the age group of 1-4 years; while in 2013, the highest death rates for IS and HS were seen in males of [15][16][17][18][19] By GBD Region . According to the GBD, in 2013, death rates for IS were lowest in high-income regions of North America, Central Latin America, Central Europe and Australasia while the highest death rates were found in the Caribbean and Central Sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Children and Youth Aged 0-19 Years: Data from the Global and Regional Burden of Stroke 2013

et al. 2015

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Background: There is increasing recognition of stroke as an important contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. Current estimates of global childhood stroke burden and its temporal trends are sparse. Accurate and up-to-date estimates of childhood stroke burden are important for planning research and the resulting evidence-based strategies for stroke prevention and management. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and all stroke types combined globally from 1990 to 2013. Methodology: Stroke prevalence, mortality and DALYs were estimated using the Global Burden of Disease 2013 methods. All available data on stroke-related incidence, prevalence, excess mortality and deaths were collected. Statistical models and country-level covariates were employed to produce comprehensive and consistent estimates of prevalence and mortality. Stroke-specific disability weights were used to estimate years lived with disability and DALYs. Means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for prevalence, mortality and DALYs. The median of the percent change and 95% UI were determined for the period from 1990 to 2013. Results: In 2013, there were 97,792 (95% UI 90,564-106,016) prevalent cases of childhood IS and 67,621 (95% UI 62,899-72,214) prevalent cases of childhood HS, reflecting an increase of approximately 35% in the absolute numbers of prevalent childhood strokes since 1990. There were 33,069 (95% UI 28,627-38,998) deaths and 2,615,118 (95% UI 2,265,801-3,090,822) DALYs due to childhood stroke in 2013 globally, reflecting an approximately 200% decrease in the absolute numbers of death and DALYs in childhood stroke since 1990. Between 1990 and 2013, there were significant increases in the global prevalence rates of childhood IS, as well as significant decreases in the global death rate and DALYs rate of all strokes in those of age 0-19 years. While prevalence rates for childhood IS and HS decreased significantly in developed countries, a decline was seen only in HS, with no change in prevalence rates of IS, in developing countries. The childhood stroke DALY rates in 2013 were 13.3 (95% UI 10.6-17.1) for IS and 92.7 (95% UI 80.5-109.7) for HS per 100,000. While the prevalence of childhood IS compared to childhood HS was similar globally, the death rate and DALY rate of HS was 6- to 7-fold higher than that of IS. In 2013, the prevalence rate of both childhood IS and HS was significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. Conversely, both death and DALY rates for all stroke types were significantly lower in developed countries than in developing countries in 2013. Men showed a trend toward higher childhood stroke death rates (1.5 (1.3-1.8) per 100,000) than women (1.1 (0.9-1.5) per 100,000) and higher childhood stroke DALY rates (120.1 (100.8-143.4) per 100,000) than women (90.9 (74.6-122.4) per 100,000) globally in 2013. Conclusions: Globally, between 1990 and 2013, there was a significa...

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Children and Youth Aged 0-19 Years: Data from the Global and Regional Burden of Stroke 2013

et al. 2015

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“…An English study confirmed these results [30]. Conversely, a study of Saudi children found the boy to girl ratio for ischemic stroke to be 2:1 [20].…”

Section: Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…care during pregnancy may contribute to the fact that 19% to 30% of strokes occur in patients under 45 years of age in Libya, Saudi Arabia, and India [15,20].…”

Section: Socioeconomic Influencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stroke in young adults and children

Bendixen

Posner

Lango

2001

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Data from studies of 337 children and 1606 young adults are summarized to identify the major causes of stroke in these age groups. In children under 15 years of age, stroke occurs in patients with congenital heart disease, nonatherosclerotic vasculopathies, infection, and hematologic defects like sickle cell disease. In patients 15 to 35 years of age, dissection, cardioembolism, nonatheroslerotic vasculopathies, and prothrombotic states cause a significant percentage of strokes. In adults over 35 years of age, traditional atherosclerotic risk factors predominate. Lifestyle choices (e.g., cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use) can significantly increase the rate of stroke among young adults in a community. Limited access to healthcare may increase the role of infectious disease and peripartum complications.

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“…Infections like Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were a common cause of stroke in children in the past. Actually, the chickenpox virus (varicella zoster virus; VZV) infection is the most common infective cause [47][48][49]. Varicella in childhood is a selflimiting disease, which usually follows a benign course.…”

Section: Non-hypercoagulable Acquired Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherited and acquired risk factors for arterial ischemic stroke in childhood

Lippi

Franchini

Montagnana

et al. 2008

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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Ischemic stroke in childhood is a rare but serious disorder, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The lack of causal homogeneity in the aetiology of this disorder presents problems for predicting and preventing it, making the ischemic stroke in childhood a real dilemma for the clinician. Although a variety of potential inherited and acquired causes have been now identified, including cardiac pathologies, infections, prothrombotic, metabolic and vascular disorders, the aetiology of ischemic stroke in the young remains still unknown in more than one third of the patients. Presently, an appropriate evaluation of some hypercoagulable conditions seems justified in adults with stroke. However, the etiologic contribution of several thrombophilic conditions to initial and recurrent stroke in affected children has not been definitely clarified, since more powerful and influential non-thrombophilic risk factors are usually present, making the thrombophilia screening in such circumstance a matter of debate. In particular, the diagnostic yield of the screening is reportedly lower in children, the role of several prothrombotic abnormalities is uncertain, especially in recurrent stroke, and there is no evidence-based guidance to stroke prevention and therapy in children carrying a hypercoagulable state. Additional studies are needed to quantify the risk for a cerebrovascular event in children with a prothrombotic disorder and to determine which combination of endogenous and exogenous risk factors leads to greater rates of initial and recurrent stroke.

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Stroke in Saudi Children

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Stroke Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Children and Youth Aged 0-19 Years: Data from the Global and Regional Burden of Stroke 2013

Stroke Prevalence, Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Children and Youth Aged 0-19 Years: Data from the Global and Regional Burden of Stroke 2013

Stroke in young adults and children

Inherited and acquired risk factors for arterial ischemic stroke in childhood

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