Stroke in Children

Wilson, Jenny; Dowling, Michael M.; Fullerton, Heather J.

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.033967

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Arterial ischemic stroke in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported [14][15][16]. In recent years, COVID-19 has improved our understanding of stroke in children [17]. It is believed that COVID-19 directly affects vascular endothelium through interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Carotid Artery Dissection With Thrombosis in a Child With Prothrombin Gene Mutation

Oboli¹,

Poudel²,

Waseem³

2023

Cureus

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Prothrombin gene mutation (prothrombin thrombophilia) is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of venous thrombosis. However, limited data exist on the risk of arterial stroke in an at-risk population. Several meta-analyses report slightly increased risk in specific populations. We report a 10-year-old Hispanic girl who presented to the emergency department with a seizure. This seizure occurred five days after she tripped and fell without any initial associated symptoms. She had left-sided hemiparesis on physical examination after the seizure. Imaging revealed internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection with thrombus, right caudate nucleus and putamen infarcts, and ischemic penumbra. She subsequently had an endovascular thrombectomy of the right ICA with reperfusion. Genetic testing showed a prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A). Prothrombin gene mutation was the most likely explanation for her stroke in the absence of a significant risk factor for arterial thrombosis or an underlying hypercoagulable disorder. Further investigations are required to determine the risks and evaluate the correlation between prothrombin gene mutation and ischemic stroke in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Carotid Artery Dissection With Thrombosis in a Child With Prothrombin Gene Mutation

Oboli¹,

Poudel²,

Waseem³

2023

Cureus

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“…Multifactorial background of stroke occurrence in children is different from adults. Genetic risk factors have more clinical relevance, compared with non-genetic risk factors—environmental factors in children [ 10 , 11 ]. In order to address this important global public health concern, continued efforts on screening the trend of stroke diseases burden and its modifiable risk factors, studying cutting-edge clinical assessment methods and techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity, and developing education programs of diagnosis and management in multidisciplinary medical personnel including cardiologists, hematologists, and cardiac intensivists, etc., were critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that central nervous system infections, vitamin K deficiency-related bleeding disorder, inherited coagulation disorders, and arteriovenous malformations were the most common risk factors for childhood stroke [ 4 , 7 – 9 ]. Compare with genetic risk factors, non-genetic risk factors, such as environmental factors (which are common in adults) seem to have low or no clinical relevance in children [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends and regional differences in disease burden of stroke among children: a trend analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019

Du,

Mi,

Liu

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Stroke is a major cause of acute neurological symptoms in children with significant long-term neurological sequelae. However, data of diseases burden on stroke among children was lack. We aimed to be dedicated to analyze and compare global trends as well as regional and sociodemographic differences in stroke prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) among children aged 0 ~ 14 years. Method We obtained data on annual number of incident strokes, prevalent strokes, deaths, and DALYs, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), prevalence rates (ASPRs), mortality rates (ASMRs) and DALY rates (ASDRs) of stroke among individuals aged 14 years and younger during 1990–2019 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. To quantify the temporal trends, we calculated changes (%) in number, and used joinpoint regression analysis to identify the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of age standardized rates. Result Globally, the incident strokes and prevalent strokes increased by 18.51% and 31.97%, respectively, but DALYs due to stroke and deaths due to stroke decreased by 60.18% and 65.03%, respectively, from 1990 to 2019. During the same period, ASIR increased by 0.21% (95%CI: 0.17, 0.24) from 18.02 to 100,000 population in 1990 to 19.11 per 100,000 in 2019; ASPR increased by 0.66% (95%CI: 0.36, 0.96) from 68.88 to 100,000 population in 1990 to 81.35 per 100,000 in 2019; while ASMR (AAPC= -3.94; 95%CI: -4.07, -3.81) and ASDR (AAPC= -3.50; 95%CI: -3.64, -3.36) both decreased. In 2019, the highest age standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates all occurred in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. The greatest increase of age standardized incidence rate (AAPC = 0.21; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.25) and prevalence rate (AAPC = 1.15; 95%CI: 0.34, 1.96) both were in high SDI regions. Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest ASIR and ASPR in 2019, and Oceania had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019 across 21 GBD regions. High-income North America had the largest increase in ASIR (AAPC = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.59, 0.66) and ASPR (AAPC = 1.58; 95%CI: 0.54, 2.63). Against the overall decreasing trend of ASMR, an increasing trend of ASMR was found in Zimbabwe (AAPC = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.44, 1.37) and Botswana (AAPC = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.02, 1.47). Conclusion The overall increasing stroke incidence and prevalence indicated that prevention and management of stroke among younger population should be critical in the future. Despite stroke mortality with falling trend worldwide, specific countries or territories present worrying increase in stroke mortality. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden of children will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in high-SDI countries.

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Stroke in Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Internal Carotid Artery Dissection With Thrombosis in a Child With Prothrombin Gene Mutation

Internal Carotid Artery Dissection With Thrombosis in a Child With Prothrombin Gene Mutation

Global trends and regional differences in disease burden of stroke among children: a trend analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019

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