“…Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic amine structurally similar to amphetamines (Cantu et al 2003) and an α-agonist most frequently used to treat urinary incontinence in spayed dogs by increasing urethral sphincter tone (Byron et al 2007). Side effects of amphetamines include severe hyperthermia, coagulopathy, and petechial bleeding (Brust 2016). In veterinary medicine, side effects after administration of PPA in dogs, particularly systemic hypertension, have been reported at increasing rates.…”