Stroboskopgemische: pyrotechnische Mischungen mit oszillierendem Verbrennungsverhalten

Pyrotechnic strobes, both colorless and colorful, are compositions that burn in an oscillatory manner. They are used in military illumination devices and in fireworks as one of the most attractive pyrotechnic effects. Most colored strobes contain magnesium (Mg) or magnesium-aluminum (MgAl) alloy as a fuel. However, this is an issue for blue strobes since the choice of stable blue-flame emitters is extremely limited. In fact, copper halides have been observed to produce blue emissions in pyrotechnic flames exclusively at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1500°C. At higher temperatures, the emitter is destroyed, or more specifically, a preferred trimer Cu 3 Cl 3 species is converted into monomers. As a result, the flame color fades Abbreviations AP: ammonium perchlorate TMAN: tetramethylammonium nitrate TMAP: tetramethylammonium perchlorate GN: guanidinium nitrate Cu: copper powder (electrolytic) CuO: copper(II) oxide (black) MgAl: magnalium powder (Mg and Al alloy 50:50) EDN: ethylenediammonium nitrate TMEDN: tetramethylethylenediammonium nitrate PR: phenolic resin NC: nitrocellulose powder PVC: poly(vinyl chloride) K4-K112: Tested formulation numbers (full formulations are present in the Supporting Information) [a] 1113 and a whitish-blue flame is observed. Therefore, it was interesting to see whether blue pyrotechnic strobes can be made without using conventional high-temperature fuels, such as Mg or Al, in order to conserve a deep flame color. The formulation called the Jennings-White blue strobe No. 5 [55 % ammonium perchlorate (AP), 30 % tetramethylammonium nitrate (TMAN), and 15 % copper] is considered the top-of-the-line formulation, which is described as being capable of producing an intense blue strobe. However, its mechanism is not well-understood, and the formulation is not chemically compatible. This paper presents research focused on improving the blue strobe formulation by Jennings-White.

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Study of Pyrotechnic Blue Strobe Compositions Based on Ammonium Perchlorate and Tetramethylammonium Nitrate

Juknelevicius

Dufter

Rusan

et al. 2017

Eur J Inorg Chem

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Pyrotechnic Strobe Compositions: an Overview

Verbovytskyy

Harrison²

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Pyrotechnic strobes have been known for over 100 years and have a wide range of uses, from the fireworks industry to military applications. On combustion, they emit bright flashes of white or colored light at regular intervals. A wide variety of fuels and oxidants can be used to create strobe compositions, but all known variants were discovered by trial and error and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This review presents and discusses the range of known pyrotechnic strobes, together with some historical facts associated with their discovery, and comments on the current state of knowledge of the strobe mechanism.

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Systems Chemistry in Self‐Healing Materials

Hao

2021

ChemSystemsChem

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Self‐healing materials are a kind of intelligent materials that have the ability to repair themselves after damage. By using chemical reaction networks to temporarily control the dynamics of covalent or coordination bonds, systems chemistry has recently shown great promise to reconcile the contradiction between the kinetic stability/inertness and intrinsic healing ability of synthetic materials. When compared to the traditional self‐healing strategies for synthetic materials, the regulation of the healing ability of materials by systems chemistry looks clumsy, but it represents a way similar to the self‐healing in biological systems, which is essentially regulated by complex biochemical reaction networks. Therefore, this field is worthy of further studies. In this Minireview, the significance, achievements and expectations of systems chemistry in regulating the healing ability of synthetic materials are discussed. We hope that it would be an inspiration for creating smart self‐healing materials with life‐like properties.

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Stroboskopgemische: pyrotechnische Mischungen mit oszillierendem Verbrennungsverhalten

Cited by 4 publications

References 122 publications

Study of Pyrotechnic Blue Strobe Compositions Based on Ammonium Perchlorate and Tetramethylammonium Nitrate

Study of Pyrotechnic Blue Strobe Compositions Based on Ammonium Perchlorate and Tetramethylammonium Nitrate

Pyrotechnic Strobe Compositions: an Overview

Systems Chemistry in Self‐Healing Materials

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