The inelastic neutron scattering technique was employed to study the transitions between the low-lying levels of the ground-state J -multiplet of the Ho 3+ ions in Ho 1−y Ca y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x (x ≈ 6.3, 7.0; y ≈ 0.1, 0.2) and Ho 1−y Th y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x (x ≈ 6.3; y ≈ 0.07, 0.13) split by the crystalline electric field. For oxygen-rich Ca-doped samples, the observed energy spectra exhibit a fine structure, which reflects the behaviour of the local hole density near the doping centre. For the first time this experimental observation unambiguously confirms that the charge inhomogeneity, which was found to be a characteristic feature of the underdoped cuprates, still exists in the deeply overdoped regime with T c = 56 K. On the other hand, the modification of the crystal-field spectra observed for the oxygendeficient samples with both Ca 2+ and Th 4+ substitutions for Ho 3+ is found to result from distortions of the copper-oxygen polyhedron around the Ho 3+ ion in the direct neighbourhood of the implanted ions, rather than from the dopinginduced variation of the carrier concentration in the CuO 2 planes.