Stripe Rust Effector PstGSRE1 Disrupts Nuclear Localization of ROS-Promoting Transcription Factor TaLOL2 to Defeat ROS-Induced Defense in Wheat

Qi, Tuo; Guo, Jia; Liu, Peng; He, Fuxin; Wan, Cuiping; Islam, Ashraful; Tyler, Brett M.; Kang, Zhensheng; Guo, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.09.010

Cited by 110 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The functions of any protein are closely related to its distribution in the cell. N. benthamiana and its leaves are often used as a model plant for subcellular localization of proteins (Sun et al , 2013; Zhang et al , 2017; Li et al , 2018; Qi et al , 2019). Results from the subcellular localization of TaCRK2 in N. benthamiana indicated that the pSuper1300:TaCRK2‐GFP fusion protein was primarily located in the ER (Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase gene, TaCRK2, contributes to leaf rust resistance in wheat

Sun

Liu

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractLeaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in wheat production worldwide. The hypersensitive reaction (HR) is an important defence response against P. triticina infection. In this study, the physiological races 165 and 260 of P. triticina were combined with a line derived from the bread wheat cultivar Thatcher with the leaf rust resistance locus Lr26 to form compatible and incompatible combinations, respectively. Based on an RNA-Seq database of the interaction systems, a new wheat cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase gene, TaCRK2, is specifically induced and up-regulated in the incompatible combination. We identified that TaCRK2 was regulated in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner. Knockdown of TaCRK2 by virus-induced gene silencing and RNAi leads to a dramatic increase in HR area and the number of haustorial mother cells at the single infection site. In addition, urediniospores, a P. triticina-specific pathogenic marker in compatible combinations, were observed on leaf surfaces of silenced plants at approximately 15 days after inoculation in the incompatible combination. Moreover, transcription levels of TaPR1, TaPR2, and TaPR5 were obviously reduced in TaCRK2-silenced plants. TaCRK2 overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana induced strong HR-like cell death. Finally, transient expression of green fluorescent protein fused with TaCRK2 in N. benthamiana indicated that TaCRK2 localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, TaCRK2 plays an important role in the resistance to P. triticina infection and has a positive regulation effect on the HR cell death process induced by P. triticina. K E Y W O R D S cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, hypersensitive reaction, Puccinia triticina, VIGS, wheat | 733 GU et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase gene, TaCRK2, contributes to leaf rust resistance in wheat

Sun

Liu

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Similarly, the PsCPK1 gene (an important transcript of Pst expressed at early infection stage) was knocked down in transgenic wheat lines using RNAi ( 61 ). Other successful knockouts of Pst using transgenic wheat lines are PsHXT1 ( 64 ) and PstGSRE1 ( 65 ) genes, which are a Hexose transporter and an effector protein, respectively. Both these genes are required for pathogenicity.…”

Section: Breeding Strategies To Develop Pst -Resismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding Approaches to Combat Stripe Rust of Wheat

et al. 2020

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Puccinia striiformis (Pst) is a devastating biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes wheat stripe rust. It usually loves cool and moist places and can cause 100% crop yield losses in a single field when ideal conditions for disease incidence prevails. Billions of dollars are lost due to fungicide application to reduce stripe rust damage worldwide. Pst is a macrocyclic, heteroecious fungus that requires primary (wheat or grasses) as well as secondary host ( Berberis or Mahonia spp.) for completion of life cycle. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge about pathogen life cycle, genes responsible for stripe rust resistance, and susceptibility in wheat. In the end, we discussed the importance of conventional and modern breeding tools for the development of Pst -resistant wheat varieties. According to our findings, genetic engineering and genome editing are less explored tools for the development of Pst -resistant wheat varieties; hence, we highlighted the putative use of advanced genome-modifying tools, i.e., base editing and prime editing, for the development of Pst -resistant wheat.

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“…In Magnaporthe oryzae, a model fungal pathogen, whereas apoplastic effectors are usually secreted via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi route and accumulated in the apoplast, some cytoplasmic effectors are able to be secreted through the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and translocated into plant cells 4,6 . The targets of fungal effectors also vary significantly in their functions, including transcription factors, protein kinases, and proteins or compounds that are involved in plant defense, signaling, and metabolic pathways [7][8][9][10] . For example, the Tin2 and Cmu1 effectors of Ustilago maydis target the ZmTTK1 kinase for affecting cell wall lignification and chorismate for affecting the metabolic status of infected plant cell, respectively [11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

et al. 2020

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Fusarium graminearum is a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and a deoxynivalenol (DON) producer. In this study, OSP24 is identified as an important virulence factor in systematic characterization of the 50 orphan secreted protein (OSP) genes of F. graminearum. Although dispensable for growth and initial penetration, OSP24 is important for infectious growth in wheat rachis tissues. OSP24 is specifically expressed during pathogenesis and its transient expression suppresses BAX-or INF1-induced cell death. Osp24 is translocated into plant cells and two of its 8 cysteine-residues are required for its function. Wheat SNF1-related kinase TaSnRK1α is identified as an Osp24-interacting protein and shows to be important for FHB resistance in TaSnRK1α-overexpressing or silencing transgenic plants. Osp24 accelerates the degradation of TaSnRK1α by facilitating its association with the ubiquitin-26S proteasome. Interestingly, TaSnRK1α also interacts with TaFROG, an orphan wheat protein induced by DON. TaFROG competes against Osp24 for binding with the same region of TaSnRKα and protects it from degradation. Overexpression of TaFROG stabilizes TaSnRK1α and increases FHB resistance. Taken together, Osp24 functions as a cytoplasmic effector by competing against TaFROG for binding with TaSnRK1α, demonstrating the counteracting roles of orphan proteins of both host and fungal pathogens during their interactions.

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Stripe Rust Effector PstGSRE1 Disrupts Nuclear Localization of ROS-Promoting Transcription Factor TaLOL2 to Defeat ROS-Induced Defense in Wheat

Cited by 110 publications

References 62 publications

A novel cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase gene, TaCRK2, contributes to leaf rust resistance in wheat

A novel cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase gene, TaCRK2, contributes to leaf rust resistance in wheat

Role of Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding Approaches to Combat Stripe Rust of Wheat

An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

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