String quintessence and the formulation of advanced quantum gravity

Abstract

Since the publication of the general theory of relativity (GTR), gravity has been described by classical field equations. Using this approach the GTR has resolved a number of problems in gravity, but is associated with some other difficulties. Mathematically GTR results in the formation of infinite density singularities in black holes, it challenges simultaneity and causality, and it is generally incompatible with quantum mechanics. A separate problem is the presence of "dark energy," the energy inherent in space time. GTR helps explain this energy by the addition of a separate cosmological constant. However, what is required are formulas that treat the energy in space time as an integral part of quantum gravity. This space-time energy is treated as integral in the quintessence model, and may be resolvable by the use of a minimum energy scale. In this paper we use the standard minimal energy scale, Planck's constant, and in turn define a new quintessence. Using this string quintessence, we obtain advanced quantum gravity (AQG), which technically agrees exactly with the GTR, in the range where the GTR has been widely tested. Additionally, the principle of relativity is also maintained, and advanced in order to restore simultaneity and causality. Moreover, using string quintessence, AQG resolves the difficulties related to singularities, and in turn explains the apparent presence of dark matter. The separate presence of dark energy can also be explained and is based directly on Planck's constant and the minimal distance scale, the Planck length. Overall, in this paper, gravitation is taken to the next level, black holes and in turn dark matter are explained, and dark energy, the presence of space-time energy, becomes integral to the equations of AQG.Résumé: Depuis la publication de la théorie de la relativité générale (TRG), les équations classiques de champ sont utilisées pour décrire la gravitation. Avec cette approche, la TRG a permis de résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes de gravitation, mais d'autres difficultés sont associées. Mathématiquement, la TRG produit des singularités de densité infinie dans les trous noirs, elle remet en question les notions de simultanéité et de causalité, et elle est, de manière générale, incompatible avec la mécanique quantique. Un autre problème est la présence de "l'énergie sombre," l'énergie liée à l'espace temps. La TRG tente de donner une explication à cette énergie en introduisant une constante cosmologique distincte. Cependant, cela exige que les formules liées à l'énergie dans l'espace-temps soient intégrées à la gravité quantique. Cette énergie est traitée de manière complète dans le modèle de la quintessence, et peut être résolu en considérant une échelle d'énergie minimale. Dans cet article nous utilisons l'échelle classique d'énergie minimale, la constante de Planck, et définissons ainsi une nouvelle quintessence. A l'aide de cette quintessence des cordes, nous obtenons la gravité quantique avancée (GQA), qui techniquement est conforme à la TRG, dans le domaine où ...

Advances in Black Hole Physics and Dark Matter Modelling of the Galactic Halo

“…These technically give exactly the same answers as experiment in low and medium mass density objects, where gravitation has been widely tested. They also technically agree exactly with binary pulsar data (Worsley 2009). The paper also proposes observational experimental methods for the experimental verification of the dynamic increases in gravitation using observations of black holes, as listed in the results and conclusions (see Table 1).…”

“…They have the advantage of being able to readily predict gravitational time dilation data with precise accuracy, particularly using the data from GPS satellites (see Appendix B). They also technically agree exactly with binary pulsar data (Worsley 2009). Perhaps the most important advantage is that they do not produce infinite density singularities at the centre of black holes.…”

“…These equations also give correct answers, for binary pulsar data (Worsley 2009). But in the case of black hole gravitational physics it has been shown there is a progressively larger dynamic increase in gravity, particularly as the black hole event horizon is approached (see Table 1).…”

“…In the light of new findings of the likely presence of primordial black holes in the galactic halo (Hawkins 2011), and advances in black hole physics (Worsley 2008(Worsley , 2009(Worsley , 2011a, a re-examination of this issue is both timely and important. The data from the MACHO project (Alcock et al 2000a), will principally be used and reanalyzed in the context of the advances in knowledge of primordial black holes and black hole physics.…”

“…Recent published research on gravitational physics shows that both the dark matter associated with Cosmological dark matter, and CDM associated with the black hole at the centre of the galaxy, can be accurately modelled (Worsley 2008(Worsley , 2009(Worsley , 2011a. These models use equations that describe a dynamic form of gravity that applies accurately to both ordinary gravity, and black hole gravitational physics [Eq.…”