String and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems - a review

Myrzik, J.M.A.; Calais, Martina

doi:10.1109/ptc.2003.1304589

Cited by 287 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Here, the galvanic isolation is not only necessary because of the circuit layout. If namely a grounded person touches a module without galvanic isolation high shock currents can appear because of capacitive leakage currents [1,7]. The series connection of the DC/DC converters must be considered concerning the practical implementation, the protection layout and the dimensioning of the devices.…”

Section: Us2 U2rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The layout is cheap, as only one inverter is necessary to adapt all DC-values to the AC-grid. But high losses occur because of partial shading and different orientation of the modules [1,2]. The string concept operates with one inverter per string.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, a more flexible layout of the solar plant is possible and the safeguarding against failure can be improved. But, similar to the central inverter, the efficiency decreases because of mismatching losses [1,2]. Modular plants, with ideally one small inverter per module have some more advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the long term, the fabrication of standardized devices in high numbers is possible. The low variability of the module voltages enables a convenient layout of the power electronics [1,2]. The three different concepts for the grid-connection of solar plants are illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high weight and installation size of the transformer it is not usable as module integrated inverter [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DC/DC converters as linkages between photovoltaic plants and module integrated multilevel-inverters

Mehlmann¹,

Schirmer²,

Zeuß³

et al. 2011

REPQJ

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Abstract. In Europe photovoltaic plants are mainly working in parallel mains operation. Until now, the solar plants are usually grid connected via central inverter stations or via string inverters. The logical advancement of the string concept is the separate connection of each solar module to the grid. Therefore module integrated inverters or multilevel-inverters can be used. This concept has some advantages, as minimized mismatching losses and minimized DC wiring. But the circuit complexity is of course much higher. In this paper the layout and implementation of DC/DC-converters as linkages between solar modules and multilevel-inverters will be presented.

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Section: Us2 U2rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high weight and installation size of the transformer it is not usable as module integrated inverter [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

DC/DC converters as linkages between photovoltaic plants and module integrated multilevel-inverters

Mehlmann¹,

Schirmer²,

Zeuß³

et al. 2011

REPQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A simplified implementation of NLSPWM control strategy for SqZS inverter via model‐driven processor programming method

Noroozi

Haghjoo

Javadi

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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The transformerless single‐phase semi‐quasi‐Z‐source inverter (SqZSI) has a nonlinear gain curve and requires nonlinear sinusoidal pulse width modulation (NLSPWM) to achieve sinusoidal voltage at the output AC terminal. Although the SqZSI provides some advantages, for example, leakage current elimination, doubly grounded, low volume, and low cost, it needs nonlinear modulation control. The NLSPWM is relatively complex among single‐phase modulation methods and it is considered a disadvantage for this topology, so this paper presents a model‐driven processor programming method that facilitates the implementation of NLSPWM. The developed programming method utilizes a Blockset environment in MATLAB/Simulink to implement NLSPWM, and then the obtained model is compiled and directly uploaded to the ARM Cortex‐M4‐based STM32F4 processor. In this approach, there is no need for coding in C programming language, and only the Simulink mathematical blocks are used so it simplifies the implementation process. The same Simulink model used to model the inverter control is slightly edited for implementation, which accelerates the debugging cycle. Experimental results of 100 W SqZSI confirm the desired and accurate performance of this low‐cost method. The qualitative comparison of the processor programming methods and the performance comparison of the developed SqZSI based on this approach verify the simplicity of implementation.

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Comparison of harmonic reduction of 2LLCL and 2LCL filters based on single phase inverter with H6 configuration

Keshavarz

Sadeghzade

Rafie

et al. 2014

Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst.

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SUMMARYIt is necessary for transformerless inverters to eliminate the common-mode leakage currents to enhance safety and current quality. The transformerless H6 inverter configuration is an adequate solution to photovoltaic low power modules as a result of its high efficiency, unipolar voltage across output filter, no need to input split capacitors and half input voltage compared with neutral point clamped inverters. In grids with a high grid impedance, there will be a rise in harmonic magnitude, so qualifying the standards for the harmonic limits may be problematic. In this paper, 2LLCL filter is offered to satisfy the current harmonic standards and decrease the filter weight and size. Experimental results of 300 W hardware prototype verify the proposed filter with H6 inverter configuration.

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String and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems - a review

Cited by 287 publications

References 3 publications

DC/DC converters as linkages between photovoltaic plants and module integrated multilevel-inverters

DC/DC converters as linkages between photovoltaic plants and module integrated multilevel-inverters

A simplified implementation of NLSPWM control strategy for SqZS inverter via model‐driven processor programming method

Comparison of harmonic reduction of 2LLCL and 2LCL filters based on single phase inverter with H6 configuration

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