Strict health-oriented eating patterns (orthorexic eating behaviours) and their connection with a vegetarian and vegan diet

Abstract

Level V, descriptive study.

Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

“…In addition, a relationship has been observed between ON tendency and the use of vegetarian and vegan diets [56,61]. Some researchers suggest that vegetarianism and veganism can be a socially acceptable way to avoid certain foods or certain eating situations and used as a mask to hide ED [24,62,63]. However, our results that indicated the frequent consumption of meat and meat products by people with both the ON tendency and ED symptoms ("ON and ED") suggest that they did not follow a vegetarian diet.…”

“…Previous studies that analyzed the occurrence and symptoms of ON have focused on the eating behaviors to some extent. The researchers first assessed ON tendency in groups following special diets, especially a vegetarian or vegan diet [22][23][24][25], and evaluated the frequency of food intake [26]. To date, other eating habits or dietary patterns (DPs) of people showing ON tendency have only been rarely studied [10,27].…”

Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

“…The TFEQ-R18 [30] assesses three different aspects of eating behaviors: cognitive restraint (conscious restriction of food intake in order to control body weight or to promote weight loss; e.g., "I consciously hold back at meals in order not to gain weight"), emotional eating (inability to resist emotional cues; e.g., "When I feel anxious, I find myself eating") and uncontrolled eating (tendency to eat more than usual due to a loss of control over intake accompanied by subjective feelings of hunger; e.g., "When I see a real delicacy, I often get so hungry that I have to eat right away"). In the present study, we used the Polish version of the TFEQ-R18 [28] which has demonstrated satisfactory levels of internal reliability (α = 0.78 for cognitive restraint, α = 0.84 for uncontrolled eating and α = 0.86 for Nutrients 2020, 12, 646 5 of 14 emotional eating). In the present study, we only used cognitive restraint scale (its Cronbach's α values was 0.77).…”

“…In our latest research [28], we used a multiple linear regression to determine the predictors of orthorexia nervosa in samples with a meat-free diet. In addition, we explored the moderating role of the ethical and health reasons for following a vegetarian diet on the relation between vegan versus vegetarian diet and eating behaviors and orthorexia nervosa [28].…”

“…In our latest research [28], we used a multiple linear regression to determine the predictors of orthorexia nervosa in samples with a meat-free diet. In addition, we explored the moderating role of the ethical and health reasons for following a vegetarian diet on the relation between vegan versus vegetarian diet and eating behaviors and orthorexia nervosa [28]. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to: (1) assess unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index among individuals following a vegetarian diet and those following an omnivorous diet; (2) examine the relation between type of diet (vegetarian versus omnivorous diet) and unhealthy eating patterns (orthorexia nervosa, cognitive restraint) and body mass index using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.…”