Striatal activation as a neural link between cognitive and perceptual flexibility

Sekutowicz, Maria; Schmack, Katharina; Steimke, Rosa; Paschke, Lena M.; Sterzer, Philipp; Walter, Henrik; Stelzel, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.046

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These findings are especially interesting in light of the existing evidence that there are substantial individual differences in perceptual bistability [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The implication is that (1) perceptual bistability is pervasive and can emerge across many levels of the auditory hierarchy and (2) there may be greater individual variation in the higher level stages of auditory scene analysis, and less variation at the earliest stages, at least in terms of the magnitude of adaptation and inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The study of perceptual bistability, and the more general phenomena of multistability, has the potential to shed light on a number of fundamental principles of perception, as evidenced by four properties. First, its manifestation is characterized by substantial individual variation [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] providing a potential means for understanding how perceptual function differs across individuals. Second, it is a quite general phenomenon, as there are many forms of ambiguous stimuli that can generate perceptual bistability or multistability [1][2][3][4]6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the range of levels of adaptation and inhibition that generate a plausible form of bistability is much larger at the highest stage of this hierarchy (Object), while a much more precise tuning of adaptation and inhibition is required at the earliest stage of analysis (Peripheral)-and the Central-analysis parameter tuning is somewhere in-between these extremes. These differences in parameter sensitivity across the model hierarchy raise an interesting possibility, given the evidence for considerable variability across listeners during bistable perception [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It may be that these individual differences across human listeners originate primarily from later stages of the perceptual hierarchy, while earlier stages have a more precise tuning of adaptation and inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Little

Snyder

Elhilali

2019

Preprint

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AbstractPerceptual bistability—the spontaneous fluctuation of perception between two interpretations of a stimulus—occurs when observing a large variety of ambiguous stimulus configurations. This phenomenon has the potential to serve as a tool for, among other things, understanding how function varies across individuals due to the large individual differences that manifest during perceptual bistability. Yet it remains difficult to interpret the functional processes at work, without knowing where bistability arises during perception. In this study we explore the hypothesis that bistability originates from multiple sources distributed across the perceptual hierarchy. We develop a hierarchical model of auditory processing comprised of three distinct levels: a Peripheral, tonotopic analysis, a Central analysis computing features found more centrally in the auditory system, and an Object analysis, where sounds are segmented into different streams. We model bistable perception within this system by injecting adaptation, inhibition and noise into one or all of the three levels of the hierarchy. We evaluate a large ensemble of variations of this hierarchical model, where each model has a different configuration of adaptation, inhibition and noise. This approach avoids the assumption that a single configuration must be invoked to explain the data. Each model is evaluated based on its ability to replicate two hallmarks of bistability during auditory streaming: the selectivity of bistability to specific stimulus configurations, and the characteristic log-normal pattern of perceptual switches. Consistent with a distributed origin, a broad range of model parameters across this hierarchy lead to a plausible form of perceptual bistability. The ensemble also appears to predict that greater individual variation in adaptation and inhibition occurs in later stages of perceptual processing.Author summaryOur ability to experience the everyday world through our senses requires that we resolve numerous ambiguities present in the physical evidence available. This is accomplished, in part, through a series of hierarchical computations, in which stimulus interpretations grow increasingly abstract. Our ability to resolve ambiguity does not always succeed, such as during optical illusions. In this study, we examine a form of perceptual ambiguity called bistability—cases in which a single individual’s perception spontaneously switches back and forth between two interpretations of a single stimulus. A challenge in understanding bistability is that we don’t know where along the perceptual hierarchy it is generated. Here we test the idea that there are multiple origins by building a simulation of the auditory system. Consistent with a multi-source account of bistability, this simulation accurately predicts perception of a simple auditory stimulus when bistability originates from a number of different sources within the model. The data also indicate that individual differences during ambiguous perception may primarily originate from higher levels of the perceptual hierarchy. This result provides a clue for future work aiming to determine how auditory function differs across individual brains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Little

Snyder

Elhilali

2019

Preprint

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“…In support of a link between perceptual reversal and executive function, Bialystok and Shapero (2005) found a link between performance on the dimensional card sort task and the ability to see an alternative interpretation of an ambiguous figure. In a recent fMRI study, Sekutowicz et al (2016) found a weak but significant correlation between reversal of a Necker cube lattice and task switching performance, both of which related to activation in the right putamen. This suggests that the ability to initiate percept reversal resides in the ability to suppress one perceptual representation and switch to another by engaging inhibitory and switching mechanisms at the executive level.…”

Section: Bottom-up and Top-down Influences On Perceptual Reversalmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a recent fMRI study, Sekutowicz et al . () found a weak but significant correlation between reversal of a Necker cube lattice and task switching performance, both of which related to activation in the right putamen. This suggests that the ability to initiate percept reversal resides in the ability to suppress one perceptual representation and switch to another by engaging inhibitory and switching mechanisms at the executive level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Perceptual flexibility is coupled with reduced executive inhibition in students of the visual arts

Chamberlain

Swinnen

Heeren

et al. 2017

British J of Psychology

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Artists often report that seeing familiar stimuli in novel and interesting ways plays a role in visual art creation. However, the attentional mechanisms which underpin this ability have yet to be fully investigated. More specifically, it is unclear whether the ability to reinterpret visual stimuli in novel and interesting ways is facilitated by endogenously generated switches of attention, and whether it is linked in turn to executive functions such as inhibition and response switching. To address this issue, the current study explored ambiguous figure reversal and executive function in a sample of undergraduate students studying arts and non-art subjects (N = 141). Art students showed more frequent perceptual reversals in an ambiguous figure task, both when viewing the stimulus passively and when eliciting perceptual reversals voluntarily, but showed no difference from non-art students when asked to actively maintain specific percepts. In addition, art students were worse than non-art students at inhibiting distracting flankers in an executive inhibition task. The findings suggest that art students can elicit endogenous shifts of attention more easily than non-art students but that this faculty is not directly associated with enhanced executive function. It is proposed that the signature of artistic skill may be increased perceptual flexibility accompanied by reduced cognitive inhibition; however, future research will be necessary to determine which particular subskills in the visual arts are linked to aspects of perception and executive function.

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Cognitive flexibility moderates the relationship between openness-to-experience and perceptual reversals of Necker cube

Koivisto,

Pallaris

2024

Consciousness and Cognition

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Striatal activation as a neural link between cognitive and perceptual flexibility

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Perceptual flexibility is coupled with reduced executive inhibition in students of the visual arts

Cognitive flexibility moderates the relationship between openness-to-experience and perceptual reversals of Necker cube

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