Stretching Reduces Skin Thickness and Improves Subcutaneous Tissue Mobility in a Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis

Xiong, Ying; Berrueta, Lisbeth; Urso, Katia; Olenich, Sara; Muskaj, Igla; Badger, Gary J.; Aliprantis, Antonios O.; Lafyatis, Robert; Langevin, Hélène M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00124

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In order to investigate how stretching might affect breast cancer tumor growth, we adapted a well-established protocol for gentle stretching in mice 24 , 25 in which mice are held by the tail and gently lifted, allowing the front paws to grasp a bar (Fig. 1A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

Berrueta

Bergholz

Muñoz

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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There is growing interest in developing non-pharmacological treatments that could boost natural defenses against cancer and contribute to primary and secondary cancer prevention. Recent studies have shown that gentle daily stretching for 10 minutes can reduce local connective tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Because mechanical factors within the stroma can influence the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that stretching would reduce the growth of tumors implanted within locally stretched tissues and tested this hypothesis in a mouse orthotopic breast cancer model. Female FVB mice (N = 66) underwent bilateral injection of p53/PTEN double-null primary mouse mammary tumor cells into the third mammary fat pad. Mice were randomized to stretch vs. no stretch, and treated for 10 minutes once a day, for four weeks. Tumor volume at end-point was 52% smaller in the stretch group, compared to the no-stretch group (p < 0.001) in the absence of any other treatment. Cytotoxic immune responses were activated and levels of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators were elevated in the stretch group. These results suggest a link between immune exhaustion, inflammation resolution and tumor growth. Stretching is a gentle, non-pharmacological intervention that could become an important component of cancer treatment and prevention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

Berrueta

Bergholz

Muñoz

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Of note, five studies used devices either on top of the skin or subcutaneously to deliver a static stretching protocol [ 25 – 28 , 40 ]. Four studies performed an active stretching intervention by lifting rats and mice by the tail until reaching an approximately 45° angle and increasing the distance between the shoulders and hips by ~25% [ 8 , 41 – 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of in vivo stretching regimens on inflammation and its relevance to translational yoga research

et al. 2022

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Objective To conduct a systematic review evaluating the impact of stretching on inflammation and its resolution using in vivo rodent models. Findings are evaluated for their potential to inform the design of clinical yoga studies to assess the impact of yogic stretching on inflammation and health. Methods Studies were identified using four databases. Eligible publications included English original peer-reviewed articles between 1900–May 2020. Studies included those investigating the effect of different stretching techniques administered to a whole rodent model and evaluating at least one inflammatory outcome. Studies stretching the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems were considered. Two reviewers removed duplicates, screened abstracts, conducted full-text reviews, and assessed methodological quality. Results Of 766 studies identified, 25 were included for synthesis. Seven (28%) studies had a high risk of bias in 3 out of 10 criteria. Experimental stretching protocols resulted in a continuum of inflammatory responses with therapeutic and injurious effects, which varied with a combination of three stretching parameters––duration, frequency, and intensity. Relative to injurious stretching, therapeutic stretching featured longer-term stretching protocols. Evidence of pro- and mixed-inflammatory effects of stretching was found in 16 muscle studies. Evidence of pro-, anti-, and mixed-inflammatory effects was found in nine longer-term stretching studies of the integumentary system. Conclusion Despite the overall high quality of these summarized studies, evaluation of stretching protocols paralleling yogic stretching is limited. Both injurious and therapeutic stretching induce aspects of inflammatory responses that varied among the different stretching protocols. Inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, are potential outcomes to consider in clinical yoga studies. Future translational research evaluating therapeutic benefits should consider in vitro studies, active vs. passive stretching, shorter-term vs. longer-term interventions, systemic vs. local effects of stretching, animal models resembling human anatomy, control and estimation of non-specific stresses, development of in vivo self-stretching paradigms targeting myofascial tissues, and in vivo models accounting for gross musculoskeletal posture.

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“…In a recent cross-sectional study of 537 patients with scleroderma in five European countries, 80–92% reported joint pain, and nearly as many (70–86%) reported “muscle” pain [ 49 ]. Although it is not clear what role, if any, fascia adhesions may play in these symptoms, a murine model of GVHD demonstrated reduced shear plane motion between fascia layers, similar phenotypically to the reduced fascia mobility observed in patients with chronic low-back pain [ 50 ].…”

Section: Does Generalized Hypo- or Hypermobility Predispose One To Or Protect From Myofascial Pain?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fascia Mobility, Proprioception, and Myofascial Pain

Langevin

2021

Life

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The network of fasciae is an important part of the musculoskeletal system that is often overlooked. Fascia mobility, especially along shear planes separating muscles, is critical for musculoskeletal function and may play an important, but little studied, role in proprioception. Fasciae, especially the deep epimysium and aponeuroses, have recently been recognized as highly innervated with small diameter fibers that can transmit nociceptive signals, especially in the presence of inflammation. Patients with connective tissue hyper- and hypo-mobility disorders suffer in large number from musculoskeletal pain, and many have abnormal proprioception. The relationships among fascia mobility, proprioception, and myofascial pain are largely unstudied, but a better understanding of these areas could result in improved care for many patients with musculoskeletal pain.

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Stretching Reduces Skin Thickness and Improves Subcutaneous Tissue Mobility in a Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model

A systematic review of in vivo stretching regimens on inflammation and its relevance to translational yoga research

Fascia Mobility, Proprioception, and Myofascial Pain

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