Stretchable, Transparent, Ultrasensitive, and Patchable Strain Sensor for Human–Machine Interfaces Comprising a Nanohybrid of Carbon Nanotubes and Conductive Elastomers

Roh, Eun; Hwang, Byeong‐Ung; Kim, Doil; Kim, Bo‐Yeong; Lee, Nae‐Eung

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b01613

Cited by 841 publications

(574 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The gauge factor is higher than that of the hydrogel without electronic conductor (from 0.09 at 100% strain to 0.53 at 1000% strain), and other piezoresistive electronic strain sensor (0.06 at 200% strain)8 and capacitive soft strain sensors based on ionic conductor (0.348 ± 0.11 at 700% strain) 20. Although some strain sensors exhibit much higher gauge factors, the poor stretchability and lack of self‐healing capability restrict their applications under rigorous mechanical deformations 47, 48, 49…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Self‐Healing Dynamic Cross‐Links Hydrogels for Human‐Motion Detection

et al. 2016

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Extremely stretchable self‐healing strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels are successfully fabricated. The strain sensor can achieve autonomic self‐heal electrically and mechanically under ambient conditions, and can sustain extreme elastic strain (1000%) with high gauge factor of 1.51. Furthermore, the strain sensors have good response, signal stability, and repeatability under various human motion detections.

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confidence: 99%

Extremely Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Self‐Healing Dynamic Cross‐Links Hydrogels for Human‐Motion Detection

et al. 2016

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“…Wearable strain sensors based on the disconnection (sliding) have been fabricated in a number of ways such as depositing AuNPs onto PDMS, [115] embedding AgNWs into PDMS, [111] electrospinning Au nanotroughs onto PDMS, [116] mixing SWCNTs with self-healing hydrogel, [117] sandwiching SWCNTs between two PU-PEDOT:PSS electrodes, [46] aligning CNTs onto a substrate, [53,118] growing well-aligned ZnO NWs on the textile substrate, [119] laser-scribing graphene coated on PET substrate, [113] encapsulating graphene-nanocellulose nanopaper in PDMS, [51] and infusing graphene into rubber. [120] Tensile strain can decrease the overlapped area between nanomaterials and decrease the number of conductive pathways, leading to an increase in resistance.…”

Section: Resistive Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,[33][34][35] To fabricate the wearable sensors, conventional lithographic processes can be extended to pattern nanomaterials. [23,[36][37][38] Solution based processing methods such as spray coating, [25,39,40] drop casting, [41][42][43][44][45] spin coating, [46,47] dip coating, [48] vacuum filtration, [49][50][51] and layer-by-layer assembly [52] were commonly used for fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors. Direct spinning of CNTs onto a substrate or into yarns [53][54][55] and electrospinning of nanofibers or NWs were reported to produce fiber-like nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

454

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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“…10 Recent research has developed to bio-related applications, such as strain sensors for artificial skins. 16 In spite of the broad current and future applications, the fundamental mechanics of lamellar nanomaterials has not yet been well elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of an Asymmetric Hard–Soft Lamellar Nanomaterial

Shi¹,

Fredrickson²,

Krämer³

et al. 2016

ACS Nano

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Nano-layered lamellae are common structures in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but most are nearly symmetric in volume fraction. We report the structure and mechanics of thermodynamically stable and highly asymmetric soft-hard lamellar structures obtained with optimally designed PS 1 -(PI-b-PS 2 ) 3 miktoarm star block copolymers. The mechanical properties of these ductile PS based nanomaterials can be tuned over a broad range by varying the hard layer thickness and keeping the soft layer thickness fixed at 13 nm. The deformation of thin lamellae (< 100 nm) exhibited kinks, pre-damaged/damaged grains, as well as cavitation in soft nano-layers. In contrast, the deformation of thick lamellae (> 100 nm) manifests cavitation in both soft and hard nano-layers. In situ tensile-SAXS experiments revealed the evolution of cavities during deformation and confirmed that the damage in such systems reflects both plastic deformation by shear and residual cavities. Although this study was carried out in PS-PI hard-soft systems, the mechanism to obtain asymmetric layered structures should be general and the obtained mechanical properties provide guidance for future designs of nanostructured materials with promising mechanical properties.

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Stretchable, Transparent, Ultrasensitive, and Patchable Strain Sensor for Human–Machine Interfaces Comprising a Nanohybrid of Carbon Nanotubes and Conductive Elastomers

Cited by 841 publications

References 44 publications

Extremely Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Self‐Healing Dynamic Cross‐Links Hydrogels for Human‐Motion Detection

Extremely Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Conductive Self‐Healing Dynamic Cross‐Links Hydrogels for Human‐Motion Detection

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Mechanics of an Asymmetric Hard–Soft Lamellar Nanomaterial

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