Stretchable organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse

Lee, Yeongjun; Oh, Jin Young; Xu, Wentao; Kim, Onnuri; Kim, Taeho Roy; Kang, Jiheong; Kim, Yeongin; Son, Donghee; Tok, Jeffrey B.‐H.; Park, Moon Jeong; Bao, Zhenan; Lee, Tae‐Woo

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat7387

Cited by 382 publications

(490 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[10] The magnitude of postsynaptic current was smallest in the 2D perovskite synapse; its calculated energy consumption was also lowest when voltage amplitude and pulse width were fixed (Figure 6a). Compared with the recently reported energy consumption of fabricated artificial synapses (Figure 6b and Table S2, Supporting Information), [5,12,13,22,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] our OHP artificial synapses show much higher energy efficiency despite having larger dimension. Also, we further economized on energy consumption of the device by decreasing the magnitude of voltage pulse (≈0.7 fJ per synaptic event at voltage pulse = −0.02 V and read voltage = −0.01 V) ( Figure S10, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 55%

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Dimensionality Dependent Plasticity in Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing

Kim

Lee

Park

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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117

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properties of biological synapses and perform parallel operations, they require larger energy than a biological synapse. Therefore, development of an artificial synapse with energy consumption on the level of a biological synapse remains an open problem.Organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OHPs) may provide a material to solve this problem, because of their low activation energy of ion migration. Moreover, various structural modulation of polycrystalline films is possible with facile solution processing so that organic parts in the OHPs can control the ion migration and electrical conduction. OHPs have an ABX 3 crystal structure; the A-site cation is located at the center of a BX 6 octahedral cage, and the B-site metal cation is surrounded by the six nearest-neighbor X-site halide anions. [7] OHPs have a significant hysteresis property that is caused by ion migration or space charges, or both, which may enable gradual modulation of conductance in OHP. [8] Two-terminal artificial synapses based on 3D methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskite (MAPbX 3 , X = Br, I) films showed synaptic responses that are caused by ion migration in the OHP layer. [9,10] Ion migration in 3D OHP film is induced by relatively low activation energy and a low energy consumption of ≈20 fJ per synaptic event was achieved in the synaptic devices. However, the energy consumption could be further reduced to the energy level of biological synapses when the ion migration was controlled by engineering the structure of OHP films could be optimally done.In this work, we introduce 2D and quasi-2D OHP films into artificial synapses to enable control of ion migration and resultant synaptic responses. For this purpose, we replaced the small MA ion with a bulky phenethylammonium (PEA) ion in their crystalline structures. To prepare 2D, quasi-2D, and 3D OHP films, we controlled the stoichiometric ratio of PEA and MA cations to induce self-assembly of a layered structure. This replacement of an MA cation with PEA cation suppresses ion migration in the out-of-plane direction of the OHP films. [11][12][13] Thereby, the activation energy E A of ion migration is increased, so ion migration and excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) can be reduced. Also, energy consumption of the device is reduced to ≈0.7 fJ per synaptic event, which is comparable to that of biological synapses. Memory retention of artificial The hysteretic behavior of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) are exploited for application in neuromorphic electronics. Artificial synapses with 2D and quasi-2D perovskite are demonstrated that have a bulky organic cation (phenethylammonium (PEA)) to form structures of (PEA) 2 MA n-1 Pb n Br 3n+1 . The OHP films have morphological properties that depend on their structure dimensionality (i.e., n value), and artificial synapses fabricated from them show synaptic responses such as short-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term plasticity. The operation mechanism of OHP artificial synapses are also analyzed depending on the dimen...

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Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 55%

“…2019, 5,1900008 quasi-2D perovskites increases (n = 3-5), the ease of Br − ion migration increases compared to low-dimensional quasi-2D (n = 1, 2) when driving voltage is applied, but when the voltage is removed, the PEA impedes ion back-diffusion in quasi-2D perovskites. Electron.…”

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionality Dependent Plasticity in Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing

Kim

Lee

Park

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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117

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“…An organic optoelectronic synapse and a neuromuscular system of a stretchable organic nanowire synapse transistor (s‐ONWST) have been combined into an artificial optoelectronic sensorimotor synaptic element ( Figure a) . The s‐ONWSTs were fabricated by transferring a single nanowire onto a rubbery substrate, then patterning source and drain electrodes, and using a high‐capacitance ion gel electrolyte.…”

Section: Artificial Sensory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Three‐Terminal Artificial Synapses: From Device to System

Han

Wei

et al. 2019

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Synapses are essential to the transmission of nervous signals. Synaptic plasticity allows changes in synaptic strength that make a brain capable of learning from experience. During development of neuromorphic electronics, great efforts have been made to design and fabricate electronic devices that emulate synapses. Three‐terminal artificial synapses have the merits of concurrently transmitting signals and learning. Inorganic and organic electronic synapses have mimicked plasticity and learning. Optoelectronic synapses and photonic synapses have the prospective benefits of low electrical energy loss, high bandwidth, and mechanical robustness. These artificial synapses provide new opportunities for the development of neuromorphic systems that can use parallel processing to manipulate datasets in real time. Synaptic devices have also been used to build artificial sensory systems. Here, recent progress in the development and application of three‐terminal artificial synapses and artificial sensory systems is reviewed.

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“…In another approach, Lee et al also reported the design and fabrication of a novel memristive device created by combining a photodetector and a stretchable organic nanowire synaptic transistor, as shown in Figure . Although their application scenario mimics biological synapses in the human sensorimotor nervous system (i.e., tactile sensation), the excellent light‐sensitive property of their device warrants the mention of their system in this section on integrated artificial vision.…”

Section: Intelligent Artificial Perception Using Integrated Memristivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations

Zhao

Tan

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The widespread implementation and rapid development of autonomous systems pose stringent performance requirements on emerging sensory systems. In addition to the basic sensing requirements, leading sensory systems are required to process data and extract featured information from highly redundant data in real time. With the added edge‐computational capabilities, data shuttling is avoided, leading to significant reduction of computational burden and bandwidth pressure in the cloud. Among the different computing architectures, the neuromorphic sensory system stands out due to its high power efficiency, low latency, and excellent processing capability. Mimicking the biological neural network, the colocation of sensory, processor, and memory components of neuromorphic sensory systems enables the requirements for frequent data shuttles to be circumvented. In particular, artificial intelligent perceptions built on memristive neuromorphic systems exhibit outstanding characteristics of small footprint, low power consumption, 3D stacking ability, and high density. Herein, the two essential parts of the memristive artificial perceptron system are presented: 1) memristive systems for neuromorphic computing and 2) high‐performance sensors. Next, the current state of the art established on artificial perceptron systems covering visual, auditory, and tactile sensations is highlighted. To conclude, the current challenges and future direction in the area of advanced intelligent perceptions are presented.

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Stretchable organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse

Abstract: We developed a stretchable organic optoelectronic sensorimotor synapse to mimic a biological optical sensory nervous system.

Cited by 382 publications

References 33 publications

Dimensionality Dependent Plasticity in Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing

Dimensionality Dependent Plasticity in Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing

Recent Progress in Three‐Terminal Artificial Synapses: From Device to System

Artificial Perception Built on Memristive System: Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensations

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