Stretchable, Healable, and Degradable Soft Ionic Microdevices Based on Multifunctional Soaking-Toughened Dual-Dynamic-Network Organohydrogel Electrolytes

Fang, Lvye; Zhang, Jiacheng; Wang, Wenjin; Zhang, Shujun; Chen, Fan; Zhou, Jianhua; Chen, Fubin; Li, Rui; Zhou, Xuechang; Xie, Zhuang

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c14472

Cited by 55 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[23] Organogels and organohydrogels have also been used as ionic conductors for developing soft ionotronic devices. [34][35][36] For example, a biomimetic ionic spider web with excellent capturing and self-cleaning capabilities has been demonstrated based on ion-conducting organogel that contains organic solvent dissolving lithium salts. [37] Notably, for some organogels and organohydrogels, encapsulation and plasma etching treatment of the encapsulation layer are required to prevent the evaporation and leakage of liquid solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

Yiming

Guo

Ali

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

103

116

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Stretchable ionic conductors such as hydrogels and ionic‐liquid‐based gels (aka ionogels) have garnered great attention as they enable the development of soft ionotronics. Notably, soft ionotronic devices inevitably operate in humid environments or under mechanical loads. However, many previously reported hydrogels and ionogels, however, are unstable in environments with varying humidity levels owing to hydrophilicity, and their liquid components (i.e., ionic liquid, water) may leak easily from polymer matrices under mechanical loads, causing deterioration of device performance. This work presents novel hydrophobic ionogels with strong ionic liquid retention capability. The ionogels are ambiently and mechanically stable, capable of not absorbing moisture in environments with high relative humidity and almost not losing liquid components during long periods of mechanical loading. Moreover, the ionogels exhibit desirable conductivity (10−4–10−5 S cm−1), large rupturing strain (>2000%), moderate fractocohesive length (0.51–1.03 mm), and wide working temperature range (−60 to 200 °C). An ionic skin is further designed by integrating the concept of sensory artificial skins and triboelectric nanogenerators, which can convert multiple stimuli into various types of signals, including resistance, capacitance, short‐circuit current, and open‐circuit voltage. This work may open new avenues for the development of soft ionotronics with stable performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

Yiming

Guo

Ali

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

103

116

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“…Post-treatment is yet another method to enhance the toughness of self-healable PEDOT hydrogels. [164][165][166] Several soaking treatments to enhance toughness have been reported, e.g., a polyacrylamide/chitosan (PAM/CS) composite hydrogel into a saturated Na 2 SO 4 and trisodium citrate (Na 3 Cit) solution, [167] a gelatin gel into an ammonium sulfate solution, [168] a dualcrosslinked PAA hydrogel into an aqueous NaCl solution. [169] A PEDOT/PVA hydrogel showed a significant increase in toughness (from ≈0.7 to ≈7.8 MJ m −3 ), tensile strength (from ≈0.4 to ≈2.5 MPa), and elongation at break (from ≈270% to ≈600%) after soaking in a sulfosuccinic acid (SA) aqueous solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Zhou

Sarkar

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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Materials able to regenerate after damage have been the object of investigation since the ancient times. For instance, self‐healing concretes, able to resist earthquakes, aging, weather, and seawater have been known since the times of ancient Rome and are still the object of research. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in self‐healing electronic materials, for applications in electronic skin (E‐skin) for health monitoring, wearable and stretchable sensors, actuators, transistors, energy harvesting, and storage devices. Self‐healing materials based on conducting polymers are particularly attractive due to their tunable high conductivity, good stability, intrinsic flexibility, excellent processability and biocompatibility. Here recent developments are reviewed in the field of self‐healing electronic materials based on conducting polymers, such as poly 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANI). The different types of healing, the strategies adopted to optimize electrical and mechanical properties, and the various possible healing mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the main challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.

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“…[21] Meanwhile, there has also been a growing interest to explore soft polymeric hydrogels for flexible sensors. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Different from elastomers, polymeric hydrogels usually have a 3D crosslinked hydrophilic network that is highly swollen by water. [5,33] Thus they are endowed with many unique advantages, including intrinsic soft wet nature, good biocompatibility, and especially tissue-like mechanical properties, which have made polymeric hydrogels promising candidates for flexible sensors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dual‐Channel Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Mechanofluorescent and Conductive Hydrogel Laminates

Lin

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanowires) into soft elastomer composites. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Nevertheless, most of these reported flexible strain sensors could only display one single electrical signal output, which might have some practical use limitations. Especially with the development of human-machine interactive systems, there has been an increasing demand for dual-channel reporting flexible sensors, which are capable of exhibiting both strain-dependent electrical and optical changes. [17][18][19][20][21] Among various optical means, fluorescence is believed to quite promising for wearable stretchable sensing uses because of its high sensitivity, fast response and operational simplicity. The most convenient strategy is to develop the mechanofluorescent elastomer materials with strain-dependent electrical signal response. One famous example was reported by Zhang and colleagues who draw inspiration from the muscle-controlled display tactics of cephalopods to present the robust nanostructured self-healable and mechanoluminescent elastomer composites, which were capable of displaying reversible strain-dependent luminescence and resistance response to tensile strain. [21] Meanwhile, there has also been a growing interest to explore soft polymeric hydrogels for flexible sensors. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Different from elastomers, polymeric hydrogels usually have a 3D crosslinked hydrophilic network that is highly swollen by water. [5,33] Thus they are endowed with many unique advantages, including intrinsic soft wet nature, good biocompatibility, and especially tissue-like mechanical properties, which have made polymeric hydrogels promising candidates for flexible sensors. [34] In this context, considerable progresses have been recently achieved in soft conductive hydrogels with strain-dependent electronic signal changes. However, it still remains challenging to develop the promising dual-channel hydrogel systems with both sensitive conductivity and interactive fluorescence color changes to dynamic activities, which would show potentials to enable both electronic and visual monitoring of human motions. This is possibly because it is quite difficult to construct robust multifunctional materials with continuous and synergistic fluorescence/electronic signal responses over a wide strain range.Flexible strain sensors are of great importance in many emerging applications for human motion monitoring, implanted devices, and humanmachine interactive systems. However, the dual-channel sensing systems that enable both strain-dependent electronic and visually optical signal responses still remain underdeveloped, but such systems are of great interest for human-machine interactive uses. Here, inspired by the mechanically modulated skin color changes of squids via muscle contracting/releasing movements, a class of mechanofluorescent and conductive hydrogel laminates for visually flexible electronics is presented. The sensing laminates consist of interfacially bonded red fluorescent hyd...

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Stretchable, Healable, and Degradable Soft Ionic Microdevices Based on Multifunctional Soaking-Toughened Dual-Dynamic-Network Organohydrogel Electrolytes

Cited by 55 publications

References 51 publications

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

Ambiently and Mechanically Stable Ionogels for Soft Ionotronics

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Dual‐Channel Flexible Strain Sensors Based on Mechanofluorescent and Conductive Hydrogel Laminates

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