Stretchable‐Fiber‐Confined Wetting Conductive Liquids as Wearable Human Health Monitors

Guan, Liyun; Nilghaz, Azadeh; Su, Bin; Jiang, Lei; Cheng, Wenlong; Shen, Wei

doi:10.1002/adfm.201600443

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…To achieve mechanical flexibility and stretchability, mostly two approaches on material science and engineering have been employed: elastic materials and stretchable/flexible structures (as shown in Figure ). Being intrinsically flexible/stretchable materials, elastic films, liquid metal, ionic liquid, conducting polymers and organic semiconductors have been used and investigated in flexible electronics . However, these materials usually present low mobility as sensing channels in FET devices, and display instability when exposed to light for a sustained period of time.…”

Section: Strategies Towards Flexible/stretchable Sensing Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These wearable and light‐weight organic electronics show great potential in the next generation of low‐cost, disposable, and non‐invasive optical sensors for medicine and sports. In addition, the flexible strain sensor and pressure sensor can be used to monitor health related mechanical signals such as physical motion, joint recovery, and Parkinson's tremors …”

Section: Flexible Sensors For Monitoring Physiological Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring

Wang

Liu

Zhang

2017

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Wearable or attachable health monitoring smart systems are considered to be the next generation of personal portable devices for remote medicine practices. Smart flexible sensing electronics are components crucial in endowing health monitoring systems with the capability of real-time tracking of physiological signals. These signals are closely associated with body conditions, such as heart rate, wrist pulse, body temperature, blood/intraocular pressure and blood/sweat bio-information. Monitoring such physiological signals provides a convenient and non-invasive way for disease diagnoses and health assessments. This Review summarizes the recent progress of flexible sensing electronics for their use in wearable/attachable health monitoring systems. Meanwhile, we present an overview of different materials and configurations for flexible sensors, including piezo-resistive, piezo-electrical, capacitive, and field effect transistor based devices, and analyze the working principles in monitoring physiological signals. In addition, the future perspectives of wearable healthcare systems and the technical demands on their commercialization are briefly discussed.

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Section: Strategies Towards Flexible/stretchable Sensing Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Sensors For Monitoring Physiological Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring

Wang

Liu

Zhang

2017

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734

472

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“…In addition, pressure loading was applied onto the sensor. Pressure sensitivity (S) is defined as [40]: S = (∆R/R 0 )/∆P (5) where ∆R is the resistance change of the sensor under strain, R 0 is the resistance prior to straining, and ∆P is the applied pressure. Throughout a step-by-step increase of pressure from 200 to 1000 Pa, the sensor presented a fast and linear increase in resistance and a pressure sensitivity of~1.5 kPa −1 (Figure 3e).…”

Section: Strain Sensor Fabrication and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wearable electronic devices have attracted considerable attention in recent years [1][2][3]. Specifically, skin-mountable strain sensors have potential applications in personal health monitoring, human motion detection and smart human-machine interaction [4][5][6]. These sensors often consist of two components: a stimuli-responsive component and a stretchable substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifunctional Wearable Device with a Graphene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing and Drug Delivery

Shi

Liu

Kopecki

et al. 2019

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Advances in wearable, highly sensitive and multifunctional strain sensors open up new opportunities for the development of wearable human interface devices for various applications such as health monitoring, smart robotics and wearable therapy. Herein, we present a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a multifunctional strain sensor consisting of a skin-mountable dry adhesive substrate, a robust sensing component and a transdermal drug delivery system. The sensor has high piezoresisitivity to monitor real-time signals from finger bending to ulnar pulse. A transdermal drug delivery system consisting of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles and a chitosan matrix is integrated into the sensor and is able to release the nanoparticles into the stratum corneum at a depth of~60 µm. Our approach to the design of multifunctional strain sensors will lead to the development of cost-effective and well-integrated multifunctional wearable devices. C 2019, 5, 17 2 of 16the development of mobile devices where increasing functionalities are being integrated into single devices, multifunctional wearable devices [2,10,11] open new tech logical possibilities in areas such as human-machine interaction, health monitoring and drug delivery [12]. For example, a single device might be fabricated which can simultaneously deliver drugs and monitor the physiological response. Despite the clear promise of such multifunctional wearable devices, further improvements related to the fabrication process and cost-effectiveness are needed for their adoption.In terms of materials selection, there have been various approaches utilizing nanomaterials (e.g., silver nanowires [13], carbon nanotubes [14] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene [15]) as sensing components and elastomeric polymers or textiles as flexible and stretchable substrates [16,17]. Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) have been widely used in various polymer nanocomposites because of their superior electrical and mechanical properties [18][19][20]. Each GnP is typically 2-5 nm in thickness and may contain 3-10 graphene layers [21]. Upon reaching the percolation threshold in a matrix, the individual GnP forms a physically connected network where the overall resistance of the nanocomposites becomes limited by the interlayer contact resistance of the GnPs [4,22]. A strategy to reduce the contact resistance is to combine GnPs with silver nanowires (AgNWs). AgNWs employed in this work are around 40 nm in diameter and 20-60 µm in length. Under low strain, nanowires might change wave amplitudes and slide across each other, thus facilitating and maintaining a conducting network to accommodate the strain [23].Transdermal drug delivery is a promising drug delivery strategy to complement the limitations of traditional oral-and injectable-based methods. Transdermal drug delivery might potentially realize convenient and painless drug delivery and a sustained release profile with reduced side effects [24]. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of drug nanocarriers whi...

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“…The analysis of electrical signals will help understand and predict the relationship between biometric data and sensing signals generated by soft wearable materials. This will allow us to understand the key parameters related to biological conditions such as cardiac health, sporting activities, and aged care behaviors …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors

et al. 2019

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www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com Such soft wearable devices will be lightweight and thin, soft, and elastic, inexpensive, and durable. These devices will be skinattachable, flexible, stretchable, bendable and twistable whilst maintaining excellent sensing performances. Such disruptive WT products will ultimately transform current rigid wearable 1.0 to future wearable 2.0 products (Figure 1), enabling sensitive, accurate yet specific health monitoring anytime and anywhere.While the disruptive soft WT is still in the embryonic stage of development, there have been intensive worldwide materials [1c,8] push with a purpose to develop thinner, softer, ideally invisible and unfeelable electronics. [9] Unlike wearable 1.0 which typically starts from device, wearable 2.0 requires the design starts from materials innovation. In this context, novel structural design and the use of novel materials are the two viable strategies. [1b,10] For the former, serpentine design and prestrained treatment enable the stretchabilities; [11] as for the later, various nanomaterials including silver nanowires, [12] gold nanowires, [13] carbon nanotubes, [14] and graphene [15] have been widely explored.A typical soft WT research covers comprehensively all the key components in progressive sequences, namely, wear → sense → communicate → analyze → interpret → decide (Figure 2). This requires multidisciplinary collaborations across interdisciplinary boundaries. As a starting point, wearable materials should be designed to consider factors such as in soft/hard material interface, breathability, biocompatibility, etc. Then wearable sensors may be fabricated and evaluated with regards to key parameters including sensitivity, specificity, reusability, and durability. Once the sensors' performances have been fully evaluated, their integration with wireless modules such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or wireless fidelity (WIFI) needs to be considered. One of key limitations is the wearable powering solution. It is encouraging to see the commercial products of paper lithium battery and development of soft energy devices in academia. [16] In addition to hardware, designing user-friendly graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is necessary and the development of suitable apps is important for seamless data acquisition of timelapsed biometric signals in a wireless manner. The signals will be then analyzed and interpreted, enabling efficient algorithm for rapid signal processing and decision support. The analysis of electrical signals will help understand and predict the relationship between biometric data and sensing signals generated by soft wearable materials. This will allow us to understand the key parameters related to biological conditions such as cardiac health, [17] sporting activities, [18] and aged care behaviors. [19] Here, we discuss all of the above key aspects of next-generation of disruptive soft wearable technologies but with a focus on materials aspect. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the significance of cross-disciplinary colla...

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Stretchable‐Fiber‐Confined Wetting Conductive Liquids as Wearable Human Health Monitors

Cited by 81 publications

References 46 publications

Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring

Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring

A Multifunctional Wearable Device with a Graphene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing and Drug Delivery

Disruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors

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