Stretchable batteries with gradient multilayer conductors

Abstract

Stretchable conductors are essential components in next-generation deformable and wearable electronic devices. The ability of stretchable conductors to achieve sufficient electrical conductivity, however, remains limited under high strain, which is particularly detrimental for charge storage devices. In this study, we present stretchable conductors made from multiple layers of gradient assembled polyurethane (GAP) comprising gold nanoparticles capable of self-assembly under strain. Stratified layering affords control over the composite internal architecture at multiple scales, leading to metallic conductivity in both the lateral and transversal directions under strains of as high as 300%. The unique combination of the electrical and mechanical properties of GAP electrodes enables the development of a stretchable lithium-ion battery with a charge-discharge rate capability of 100 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and remarkable cycle retention of 96% after 1000 cycles. The hierarchical GAP nanocomposites afford rapid fabrication of advanced charge storage devices.

Rational Construction of Self‐Standing Sulfur‐Doped Fe2O3 Anodes with Promoted Energy Storage Capability for Wearable Aqueous Rechargeable NiCo‐Fe Batteries

“…Increasing efforts are undertaken continuously to develop high‐performance aqueous rechargeable batteries as the frontrunner to replace the dominant Li‐ion batteries for industrial energy storage due to the scarce Li resources and toxic organic electrolytes. [ 1–34 ] Among various aqueous rechargeable batteries, aqueous secondary Ni‐Fe batteries with the abundant constituent elements, low cost, and ultra‐flat discharge plateau have attracted widespread attention. [ 35–40 ] Although a significant progress has been achieved for Ni‐based cathode materials, the lack of high‐capacity Fe‐based anode materials remains a stumbling block preventing further improvements of the energy density of aqueous rechargeable Ni‐Fe batteries.…”

F4‐TCNQ as an Additive to Impart Stretchable Semiconductors with High Mobility and Stability

“…Stretchable electronic materials have gained significant attention with the increasing needs for wearable electronics. [ 1–6 ] Several promising applications such as stretchable circuits, [ 7–11 ] displays, [ 12–14 ] and batteries [ 15–21 ] have been successfully demonstrated. For some applications, stretchable transistors provide signal amplification and a switching functionality.…”

Porous SnO2/C Nanofiber Anodes and LiFePO4/C Nanofiber Cathodes with a Wrinkle Structure for Stretchable Lithium Polymer Batteries with High Electrochemical Performance

“…In the conventional electrode using flat‐type metal current collector, the active electrode layer can crack due to lack of elastic deformation. [ 59 ] However, the designed wavy electrode on PDMS wrapping film can be stretched without cracks due to its wrinkle structure and the elasticity of PDMS. The voltage charging profile of the stretchable full‐cell is displayed in Figure 7b.…”