Stretchable and calibratable graphene sensors for accurate strain measurement

Qiu, Aidong; Aakyiir, Mathias; Wang, Ruoyu; Yang, Zhaokun; Umer, Ayaz; Lee, Ivan; Hsu, Hung-Yao; Ma, Jun

doi:10.1039/d0ma00032a

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The gauge factor (( R – R o )/ R o /strain) is often utilized to characterize the sensitivity of strain sensors. The 1st and 6th curves of ( R – R o )/ R o vs stretching strain (30% strain) in Figure d were fitted via a polynomial method . Both coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) for the two fitted plots were 0.999 (Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1st and 6th curves of (R − R o )/R o vs stretching strain (30% strain) in Figure 4d were fitted via a polynomial method. 41 Both coefficients of determination (R 2 ) for the two fitted plots were 0.999 (Figure S2). The calculated gauge factor was 5−42 for the 1st stretching−sensing curve and 10−34 for the stabilized curve (6th).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Sensitive Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composite Sensors Based on Flame-Synthesized Carbon Foam Made of Vertical Carbon Nanosheet Arrays

Meng

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A simple approach for the flame synthesis of carbon foam (FCF) via one-step catalytic deposition of carbon on a Ni template was developed. FCF was deposited within 5 min at ∼500 °C in an alcohol flame and the foam strut wall was found to be actually made of vertical carbon nanosheets. The carbon strut layer displayed a distinctive morphology between its two surface sides. The rough inner surface of the carbon strut originated from the vertically aligned carbon sheets, while some short carbon nanotubes with a length less than 1 μm grew on the outer strut surface. The strain sensitivity of the FCF@poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite was investigated, including the dynamic electrical response. It was believed that the unique hierarchical structure of the carbon foam promoted the performance of the composite sensors, which exhibited one of the highest strain sensitivity among the carbon foam-based strain sensors. At 30% stretching strain, the resistance of the composite increased remarkably more than 700%. Moreover, the sensor exhibited high and stable sensitivity in various physiological detection, including the finger bending and wrist pulse. The present flame synthesis method could be a facile and an effective technique to deposit a vertical carbon nanosheet array, which could find many promising applications, including human physiology monitoring and medical detection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composite Sensors Based on Flame-Synthesized Carbon Foam Made of Vertical Carbon Nanosheet Arrays

Meng

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Since the GF is the gradient of the sensitivity function, it can be represented as the first derivative of the fitted function. 46 The fitted function with (R 2 ) = 0.999 for the sensitivity graph in Figure 8A is found to be a fourth-order polynomial function:…”

Section: Sensing Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Highly flexible, durable, UV resistant, and electrically conductive graphene based TPU/textile composite sensor

Stewart

2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Flexible strain sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in wearable monitoring fields such as human-computer interaction systems, athletic training, and health systems. Textiles are a desired substrate for fabricating wearable flexible sensors due to their light weight, comfort, and flexibility. However, the compatibility between textiles and conductive materials still faces critical challenges, especially for wearable sensors to achieve high sensitivity and a wide sensing range simultaneously with long-term monitoring stability, reliability, and wearing comfort. In this study, we propose a graphene-based TPU/textile composite sensor that can be produced using small-scale manufacturing techniques, using laser cutting combined with film coating and thermal transfer processes and further explore its mechanical, electrical, and sensing properties. Since the human body exhibits different magnitudes of motion and fabric sensors integrated into clothing would face multiple challenges in real world usage e.g. repetitive wear, sweat and sunlight exposure, we performed sensitivity, reliability and durability tests to further evaluate real world usage of the fabric sensors. The developed composite sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (GF = 498), wide sensing range (0%-293%), excellent reliability and stability which only shows 5% deviation after 10,000 cycles of stretching under 5% strain. In addition, the graphene-based textile composite sensor thermalised by TPU film can also maintain high stability after long-term UV irradiation and multiple washing cycles. When integrated into various wearable devices, our composite sensor can detect a wide range of human body motions accurately, as well as subtle physiological signals, exhibiting great potential in incorporating into wearable monitoring devices.

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“…[4][5][6][7]49 This leads to the network slipping easily (by debonding), which is considered the major sensing mechanism of the graphene network strain sensors, i.e., a change of contact resistance. [4][5][6][7][8]50 The varying level of interfacial adhesion and different number of graphene layers in such systems also explain the different gauge factors reported. 5,10−16 Although higher sensitivity can be achieved by employing thinner graphene with a higher G i as demonstrated in this work, the strong adhesion leads to graphene fracturing easily.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Well-bonded graphene on a target is considered to deliver better sensitivity (higher strain gradient) and higher resolution as compared to a debonded counterpart. As shown in Figure a, monolayer graphene may be preferred due to its higher ε bond c that allows high sensitivity to be achieved over a relatively large working strain range. , This explains the mechanism of the aforementioned graphene network strain sensor well, where the multilayer graphene structure (large N ) and poor interfacial adhesion (low τ i and G i ) result in a low value of ε bond c . − , This leads to the network slipping easily (by debonding), which is considered the major sensing mechanism of the graphene network strain sensors, i.e., a change of contact resistance. − , The varying level of interfacial adhesion and different number of graphene layers in such systems also explain the different gauge factors reported. ,− Although higher sensitivity can be achieved by employing thinner graphene with a higher G i as demonstrated in this work, the strong adhesion leads to graphene fracturing easily. After interfacial debonding over a craze, the maximum strain increases rapidly as the craze opens (Figure b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Insights into Graphene Strain Sensing

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2020

Nano Lett.

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Graphene has been studied extensively for use in flexible electronics as ultrasensitive and wide-area strain sensors. Many sensors demonstrated so far rely on graphene networks, such that the spatial resolution is compromised, and they are unable to measure strain variations on a fine scale such as those resulting from substrate/interface failure. In this study, mono-/few-layer graphene are demonstrated to be good candidates for strain sensing with high spatial resolution to evaluate features <100 nm. The fundamentals of strain sensing–interaction with the targethave been discussed to shed light on the sensitivity and durability for future sensor fabrication. The proof-of-concept strain sensors have been shown to be able to monitor different states, e.g., the initiation and evolution, of crazes. The analysis also leads to the evaluation of interfacial energy and realization of high local strain in graphene that is applicable for other 2D materials for ultrasensitive strain sensing and bandgap opening applications.

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Stretchable and calibratable graphene sensors for accurate strain measurement

Abstract: A stretchable and calibratable graphene sensor for accurate strain measurement.

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Highly Sensitive Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composite Sensors Based on Flame-Synthesized Carbon Foam Made of Vertical Carbon Nanosheet Arrays

Highly Sensitive Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composite Sensors Based on Flame-Synthesized Carbon Foam Made of Vertical Carbon Nanosheet Arrays

Highly flexible, durable, UV resistant, and electrically conductive graphene based TPU/textile composite sensor

Fundamental Insights into Graphene Strain Sensing

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