Stretch-activated force shedding, force recovery, and cytoskeletal remodeling in contractile fibroblasts

Nekouzadeh, Ali; Pryse, Kenneth M.; Elson, Elliot L.; Genin, Guy M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.033

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…When interacting with the substrate, cellular responses including relaxation time and adaptation through alteration in fibrous structures are defined by local matrix deformability (14,15). Adjustment of cell cytoskeleton to mechanical properties of the substrate roots in polymerization and depolimerization of actin fibers (16), which acts via focal adhesion proteins at cell-substrate interface (14). Hydrophilic polymers are the most studied substrates to investigate effects of physical or chemical properties of substrates on cell behaviors (8,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cell Compatibility and Elastic Modulus of Silicone Rubber/Organoclay Nanobiocomposites

Hosseini

Tazzoli-Shadpour

Amjadi

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Substrates in medical science are hydrophilic polymers undergoing volume expansion when exposed to culture medium that influenced on cell attachment. Although crosslinking by chemical agents could reduce water uptake and promote mechanical properties, these networks would release crosslinking agents. In order to overcome this weakness, silicone rubber is used and reinforced by nanoclay. Objectives: Attempts have been made to prepare nanocomposites based on medical grade HTV silicone rubber (SR) and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay with varying amounts of clay compositions. Materials and Methods: Incorporation of nanocilica platelets into SR matrix was carried out via melt mixing process taking advantage of a Brabender internal mixer. The tensile elastic modulus of nanocomposites was measured by performing tensile tests on the samples. Produced polydimetylsiloxane (PDMS) composites with different flexibilities and crosslink densities were employed as substrates to investigate biocompatibility, cell compaction, and differential behaviors. Results:The results presented here revealed successful nanocomposite formation with SR and OMMT, resulting in strong PDMS-based materials. The results showed that viability, proliferation, and spreading of cells are governed by elastic modulus and stiffness of samples. Furthermore, adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on PDMS and corresponding nanocomposites could retain differentiation potential of osteocytes in response to soluble factors, indicating that inclusion of OMMT would not prevent osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, better spread out and proliferation of cells was observed in nanocomposite samples. Conclusions: Considering cell behavior and mechanical properties of nanobiocomposites it could be concluded that silicone rubber substrate filled by nanoclay are a good choice for further experiments in tissue engineering and medical regeneration due to its cell compatibility and differentiation capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cell Compatibility and Elastic Modulus of Silicone Rubber/Organoclay Nanobiocomposites

Hosseini

Tazzoli-Shadpour

Amjadi

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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“…We believe these drops in intensity correspond to the loss of stress fiber integrity induced by mechanical stretching. Although it has been indicated that the actin cytoskeleton can rupture or unfold during mechanical stretching (Gavara et al, 2008;Nekouzadeh et al, 2008), this is the first time, to our knowledge, that these disruptions to stress fiber integrity has been directly visualized. After the second round of 12% stretch no additional alterations in stress fiber structure were observed.…”

Section: Alterations In Stress Fibers Occur During Large Strain Mechamentioning

confidence: 80%

Cellular traction forces increase during consecutive mechanical stretching following traction force attenuation

Tsukamoto

Ryan

Mitsuoka

et al. 2017

JBSE

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Adherent cells generate traction forces, which are generated by and transmitted along the actin cytoskeleton to the underlying external substrate via focal adhesions. These cell generated forces are fundamental for maintaining cell shape and driving cell migration as well as triggering signaling pathways to promote processes such as differentiation and proliferation. Here we investigate how mechanical stretch affects traction forces. Following moderate mechanical stretching and release, traction forces are increased and then return to basal levels. However, when cells are stretched with relatively large strains, >10%, traction forces fail to return to basal levels and are attenuated. In this study, we investigate whether cells experiencing attenuated traction forces, following a large strain, can still respond to subsequent mechanical stretching. Traction forces were measured in cells following a consecutive 12% increase in mechanical stretch. We show that, even after traction force attenuation occurs, cells are able to respond to consecutive mechanical stretching by increasing traction force. Visualization of stress fibers, with GFP-actin, indicates that the attenuation of traction force is accompanied by a decrease in stress fiber integrity during mechanical stretching. The ability of cells to increase traction force during a second round of stretching, following attenuation, maybe generated by intact stress fibers that escape damage.

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“…Although we do not present an exhaustive review of agents useful for mechanobiology, we list a few key examples here to highlight the nature of the approach and to introduce agents used in the ensuing examples. At the level of whole cells, treatment with deoxycholate or Triton X100 eliminates cells without perturbing the mechanics of the ECM, enabling ECM mechanics to be estimated through the models described below [95,104]. A broad range of agonists and inhibitors of actomyosin contraction exist.…”

Section: Integrated Chemomechanical Experimentation and Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue constructs: platforms for basic research and drug discovery

Elson

Genin

2016

Interface Focus.

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The functions, form and mechanical properties of cells are inextricably linked to their extracellular environment. Cells from solid tissues change fundamentally when, isolated from this environment, they are cultured on rigid two-dimensional substrata. These changes limit the significance of mechanical measurements on cells in two-dimensional culture and motivate the development of constructs with cells embedded in three-dimensional matrices that mimic the natural tissue. While measurements of cell mechanics are difficult in natural tissues, they have proven effective in engineered tissue constructs, especially constructs that emphasize specific cell types and their functions, e.g. engineered heart tissues. Tissue constructs developed as models of disease also have been useful as platforms for drug discovery. Underlying the use of tissue constructs as platforms for basic research and drug discovery is integration of multiscale biomaterials measurement and computational modelling to dissect the distinguishable mechanical responses separately of cells and extracellular matrix from measurements on tissue constructs and to quantify the effects of drug treatment on these responses. These methods and their application are the main subjects of this review.

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Stretch-activated force shedding, force recovery, and cytoskeletal remodeling in contractile fibroblasts

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Relationship between Cell Compatibility and Elastic Modulus of Silicone Rubber/Organoclay Nanobiocomposites

Relationship between Cell Compatibility and Elastic Modulus of Silicone Rubber/Organoclay Nanobiocomposites

Cellular traction forces increase during consecutive mechanical stretching following traction force attenuation

Tissue constructs: platforms for basic research and drug discovery

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