Stressful or traumatic life events, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and HIV sexual risk taking among men who have sex with men

Reisner, Sari L.; Mimiaga, Matthew J.; Safren, Steven A.; Mayer, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1080/09540120902893258

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Poor mental health, including depressed mood and low self-esteem, has been linked to sexual risk behavior in prior studies of adult MSM. [45][46][47] Finally, negative father-son relationship dynamics increased situational risk for some participants by predisposing them to form partnerships where they had limited power to negotiate safe sex. At its extreme, paternal rejection led to homelessness and exchanging unsafe sex in return for housing, a phenomenon that has been previously described in other gay youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Analysis of Father–Son Relationships among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2014

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Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are experiencing high and rising rates of HIV infection, more than any other age-risk group category in the USA. Contributors to HIV risk in this group remain incompletely elucidated. We conducted exploratory qualitative interviews with 20 HIV-positive YBMSM aged 17-24 and found that father-son relationships were perceived to be important sociocontextual influences in participants' lives. Participants discussed the degree of their fathers' involvement in their lives, emotional qualities of the father-son relationship, communication about sex, and masculine socialization. Participants also described pathways linking father-son relationships to HIV risk, which were mediated by psychological and situational risk scenarios. Our thematic analysis suggests that father-son relationships are important to the psychosocial development of YBMSM, with the potential to either exacerbate or attenuate sexual risk for HIV. Interventions designed to strengthen father-son relationships may provide a promising direction for future health promotion efforts in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Analysis of Father–Son Relationships among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2014

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“…Increases in depression and decreases in wellbeing among sexually active MSM may result in externalizing symptoms, such as sensationseeking and the use of sex to avoid or alleviate negative affect, as opposed to internalizing symptoms, such as withdrawal (Alvy et al, 2011;Mustanski, 2007); these externalizing symptoms may lead to sexual risk-taking. Indeed, studies have suggested that moderately depressed individuals may regulate negative affective states by engaging in sexual behaviors (Reisner et al, 2009;Shrier et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in depression and well-being are associated with sexual risk episodes among HIV-positive men

Stadler¹,

Wilson²,

Boone³

et al. 2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Objective-Research has suggested a weak association between depression and sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between within-person fluctuations in depression and well-being and episodes of sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive MSM.Methods-One hundred and six sexually active HIV-positive MSM living in New York City completed a structured weekly survey over six weeks. In weeks 1, 3, and 5, they responded to items assessing their sexual behavior, depression and well-being in the prior week. Multi-level logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between changes in levels of depression and well-being and episodes of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI).Results-Within-person deviations from participants' average levels of depression and wellbeing were associated with the probability of risk. The probability of a risk episode was higher in weeks when depression was higher than participants' average levels (any UAI episode: OR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.00-2.90], p < .05; serodiscordant UAI episode: OR = 2.49, 95% CI [1.31-4.73], p < . 05). The probability of a risk episode was lower in weeks when well-being was higher than participants' average levels (any UAI: OR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.22-0.74], p < .05; serodiscordant UAI: OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.22-0.81], p < .05). Between-person differences in depression and well-being were not associated with risk episodes (all ps > .05).Conclusions-This study is among the first to examine the association of within-person changes in depression and well-being with sexual risk behavior in a diverse sample. It contributes new evidence to literature exploring the relationship between depression and sexual risk. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to explore pathways linking within-person changes in depression with risk behavior. Keywords depression; well-being; HIV/AIDS; men who have sex with men; sexual risk behavior

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“…PTSD is associated with serious sequelae, including health risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex 43 and involvement with interpersonal violence, 44 and physical sequelae, including dysregulated immune function, 45 cardiovascular risk indicators, 46 metabolic syndrome, 47 and chronic pain. 48 National surveys indicate that no more than half of people with PTSD seek treatment, 49 therefore identifying individuals at increased risk for PTSD is crucial for prevention of PTSD sequelae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth

2012

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with poorer relationships with parents, but it is unknown if childhood gender nonconformity is associated with childhood abuse or with posttraumatic stress disorder. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We identify gender nonconformity before age 11 years as a risk indicator for physical, sexual, and psychological abuse in childhood and lifetime probable posttraumatic stress disorder in youth. abstract OBJECTIVES: Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with poorer relationships with parents, but it is unknown if childhood gender nonconformity is associated with childhood abuse or risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth. METHODS:We examined whether gender nonconformity before age 11 years was associated with childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse and lifetime risk of probable PTSD by using self-report questionnaire data from the 2007 wave of the Growing Up Today Study (n = 9864, mean age = 22.7 years), a longitudinal cohort of US youth. We further examined whether higher exposure to childhood abuse mediated possible elevated prevalence of PTSD in nonconforming children. Finally, we examined whether association of childhood gender nonconformity with PTSD was independent of sexual orientation.RESULTS: Exposure to childhood physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, and probable PTSD were elevated in youth in the top decile of childhood gender nonconformity compared with youth below median nonconformity. Abuse victimization disparities partly mediated PTSD disparities by gender nonconformity. Gender nonconformity predicted increased risk of lifetime probable PTSD in youth after adjustment for sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS:We identify gender nonconformity as an indicator of children at increased risk of abuse and probable PTSD. Pediatricians and school health providers should consider abuse screening for this vulnerable population. Further research to understand how gender nonconformity might increase risk of abuse and to develop family interventions to reduce abuse risk is needed.

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Stressful or traumatic life events, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and HIV sexual risk taking among men who have sex with men

Cited by 69 publications

References 42 publications

A Qualitative Analysis of Father–Son Relationships among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

A Qualitative Analysis of Father–Son Relationships among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men

Fluctuations in depression and well-being are associated with sexual risk episodes among HIV-positive men

Childhood Gender Nonconformity: A Risk Indicator for Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress in Youth

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