Stressful life events in recent-onset schizophrenia: reduced frequencies and altered subjective appraisals

Much ado about much: Stress, dynamic biomarkers and HPA axis dysregulation along the trajectory to psychosis

“…Subjectively, patients at clinical high risk (CHR) or with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) report high levels of emotional reactivity and perceived (subjective) stress in response to events, which are experienced as intrusive and difficult to cope with (Horan et al, 2007(Horan et al, , 2005Marks et al, 2012;Mondelli et al, 2010a;Palmier-Claus et al, 2012;Phillips et al, 2012;Pruessner et al, 2011). Individuals at CHR also report high levels of chronic stress (Pruessner et al, 2013a).…”

Coping With Psychosis

“…From this perspective, coping is not limited to responding, but rather negotiating the appraisal and eventually influencing the perception, which frames the meaning of the experience of stress. Aside from shifts in appraisals, these processes may be beneficial as they may increase the person's sense of control (Krabbendam et al, 2005), which has been found to be low among people with SMI (Horan et al, 2005), and which may contribute to changes in sense of self.…”

Impact of stress on paranoia: an experimental investigation of moderators and mediators

“…In addition, it seems unlikely that singular stressful events will have a strong impact on a complex mental disorder as stressors probably work on a more short-term basis. This notion finds support in studies focusing on smaller everyday stressors (Norman & Malla, 1991, 1993aWalker & Diforio, 1997 ;Horan et al 2005) and in those investigating the association of psychosis and specific environmental stressors, such as migration, isolation and discrimination (Janssen et al 2003 ;Cantor-Graae & Selton, 2005 ;Veling et al 2007), urbanicity (Weiser et al 2007), or exposure to relatives with high-expressed emotion (Butzlaff & Hooley, 1998 ;Cutting et al 2006). Philips et al (2007) have emphasized the necessity of more research in high-risk populations to improve the understanding of the transition into psychosis.…”