Stressful life events and psychosis: Gender differences

Mansueto, Giovanni; Faravelli, Carlo

doi:10.1002/smi.3067

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Literature suggests that childhood adversities and recent life events may have cumulative effects. For example, among psychotic patients, the effect of recent stressful life events on psychosis may be amplified by exposure to childhood maltreatment and the co-occurrence of recent life events, and childhood maltreatment can increase the risk of developing psychosis ( 13 , 14 ). Those who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to develop depression triggered by stressful life events (SLE), which is called stress sensitization that has been observed in adolescents ( 15 ) and adults ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents and Young Adults With First-Episode Depressive Disorder: Direct and Indirect Pathways

Qian

Shu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionChildhood maltreatment (CM), stressful life events (SLE), and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) have been considered crucial in the development of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and major depressive disorder (MDD), but the pathways of this association are not clear. We aim to identify direct effects of CM and SLE on NSSI and depression severity and its indirect effects via CERS in adolescents and young adults with a diagnosis of MDD.MethodsA total of 114 patients (aged 14–24 years) with first episode MDD were included and further divided into the NSSI group (n = 56) and non-NSSI group (n = 58) according to the DSM-5 criteria. Diagnostic interviews and self-report measures were conducted to assess CM, SLE, CERS, and diagnose NSSI. Severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale (HAMD). The structural equation model was used to assess the pathways.ResultsMDD patients with NSSI had more frequent family history of mental illness, more experience of CM and SLE, more serious depression, less use of adaptive CERS, and more use of maladaptive CERS. In the final structural equation model (χ2 = 4.82, df = 6, p = 0.57, CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.10, and RMSEA = 0), the experience of CM and SLE showed a significant indirect effect on NSSI through adaptive CERS. CM and SLE only had direct effects on depression severity.ConclusionsNSSI are prevalent in adolescents and young adults with MDD and highly intertwined with CM, SLE, and CERS. Adaptive CERS, not maladaptive CERS may be a possible mechanism relating CM and SLE to NSSI in MDD patients.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents and Young Adults With First-Episode Depressive Disorder: Direct and Indirect Pathways

Qian

Shu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar findings were observed in other studies ( Lai et al, 2020 ; Prasad et al, 2021 ). The difference between genders may be explained in part by women’s greater propensity to express psychological distress compared with men ( Zhang and Wing, 2006 ; McLean et al, 2011 ; Abate, 2013 ; Mansueto and Faravelli, 2021 ). These findings may also reflect the predominance of women in patient-facing roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Tunisia: Risk and Protective Factors

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Our study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of different psychological outcomes among Tunisian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the associated factors.Methods: Healthcare professionals completed a cross-sectional questionnaire during a 3-week period in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. The survey collected demographic information, factors that may interfere with the psychological outcomes, behavioral changes, and mental health measures. Mental health was assessed using three scales: the Seven-Item Insomnia Severity Index, the Two-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Two-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder instrument. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with psychological outcomes.Results: A total of 503 HCPs successfully completed the survey, and 493 agreed to enroll in the study: 411 (83.4%) physicians, 323 (64.2%) women, and 271 (55%) with a second-line work position. A significant proportion of HCPs had anxiety (35.7%), depression (35.1%), and insomnia (23.7%). Women, those with a psychiatric history, and those using public transportation had higher proportions for overall symptoms compared with other groups, for example, depression in 44.9% of female participants vs. 18.2% of male participants (p = 0.00). Those with a previous medical history and nurses had more anxiety and insomnia compared with other groups, for example, anxiety in 45.1% of nurses, 36.1% of interns/residents, and 27.5% of attending physicians (p = 0.04). Multivariable logistic regression showed that female gender was a risk factor for all psychological outcomes, whereas psychiatric history was a risk factor for both anxiety and insomnia [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, 95% CI 1.78–4.60, p = 0.00 for insomnia]. Using protective equipment was associated with a lower risk for depression (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62, p = 0.00) and anxiety. Physical activity was also protective against depression and anxiety (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.67, p = 0.00).Conclusion: Psychological symptoms are usually overlooked or dismissed by HCPs, although the COVID-19 pandemic played a major role in exacerbating this burden. Prompt psychological support should be endorsed and simple measures, such as physical activity and ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, are paramount to improve mental health outcomes and the quality of care provided to patients.

show abstract

“…A cumulative experience of multiple ACEs lead to stronger associations, increasing the ratios for depression up to OR = 7.8 (95% confidence interval: [5.45; 11.13]) (1). Furthermore, having experienced traumatic experiences in childhood has been associated with higher risks of anxiety, negative repetitive thinking, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, stress systems dysregulations, as well as advanced biological aging (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment, depression and their link to adult economic burdens

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAdult depression is a common consequence of adverse childhood experiences. There is also a higher likelihood of being affected by economic burdens after having experienced a traumatic event in childhood. As depression has been associated with economic burden, these long-term sequelae of childhood adversity are likely to interact.GoalsWe investigated depression and economic consequences, such as unemployment, lower level of education, lower income as long-term sequelae of adverse childhood experiences in adulthood and their interaction.MethodsChildhood Maltreatment was measured by the German version of the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Logistic regressions were applied to investigate the risks of suffering economic burdens, with depression as a moderator.ResultsDepressive symptoms increased with the number of ACEs and were highest in those reporting four or more ACEs, especially amongst those who experienced sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. Moderation analysis showed a significant effect of depression increasing almost all economic burdens. Migration background additionally increased the risk of unemployment and working in a blue-collar job. Female gender decreased the risk of unemployment and working in a blue-collar job, but increased the risk of low income and part-time employment.ConclusionThe moderation effect of depression increased the negative impact of exposure to multiple ACEs on economic life in adulthood. Prevention of ACEs and early intervention are needed to prevent the mental health and economic consequences.

show abstract

Stressful life events and psychosis: Gender differences

Cited by 17 publications

References 83 publications

Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents and Young Adults With First-Episode Depressive Disorder: Direct and Indirect Pathways

Childhood Maltreatment, Stressful Life Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents and Young Adults With First-Episode Depressive Disorder: Direct and Indirect Pathways

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Tunisia: Risk and Protective Factors

Childhood maltreatment, depression and their link to adult economic burdens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About