Stressful Life Events and Adolescent Substance Use and Depression: Conditional and Gender Differentiated Effects

Hoffmann, John P.; Su, Shaobing

doi:10.3109/10826089809056256

Cited by 88 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In fact, among men, none of the measures of alcohol consumption correlated with rumination, distraction, or depression. These findings are consistent with those of Hoffmann and Su (1998) who found that life events affected depressive symptoms and substance use among women but not among men. The cross-sectional design of this study limits the interpretation of its findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Why do Women get Depressed and Men get Drunk? An Examination of Attributional Style and Coping Style in Response to Negative Life Events Among Canadian Young Adults

Goldstein

2006

Sex Roles

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Gender differences in alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are well known. This study focused on the associations of gender with attributional style, coping style, and negative life events in explaining these differences. The association of gender with each of the predictor and outcome variables was examined. One hundred eight (51 men, 57 women) undergraduate university students, ages 18-21, completed validated measures of depression, alcohol consumption, attributional style, coping style, and negative life events. Participants reported mild-moderate levels of depressive symptoms, similar to comparable samples. In contrast, alcohol consumption was lower than expected. Depressive symptoms were associated with negative events and rumination among both men and women. Pessimism and wine consumption were correlated with depression among women only. Although men consumed more alcohol than did women, a gender difference in depressive symptoms was not found. Potential implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Why do Women get Depressed and Men get Drunk? An Examination of Attributional Style and Coping Style in Response to Negative Life Events Among Canadian Young Adults

Goldstein

2006

Sex Roles

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“…Strikingly, there are overwhelming data from human studies linking the cumulative impact of stressful life events that are unpredictable and long lasting during the juvenile years to behavioral abnormalities later on (Hoffmann and Su, 1998;Hoffmann et al, 2000). In this study, we asked whether chronic, variable stress during the previously uninvestigated peripubertal and juvenile periods leads to readily reversible effects or to more sustained effects in hippocampal structure (specifically, hippocampal principal cell layers) lasting into adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed effects of chronic variable stress during peripubertal‐juvenile period on hippocampal morphology and on cognitive and stress axis functions in rats

et al. 2004

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Animal studies on the effects of chronic variable stress during the peripubertal-juvenile period on hippocampal structure and function are lacking. Twenty-eight-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to random, variable physical or social stress regimens for 4 weeks. Hippocampal volume was found to continue to grow in all lamina examined during the transition into young adulthood. Our variable physical stress paradigm led to inhibition of this growth in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer (PCL) and in the dentate gyrus-granular cell layer (DG-GCL), which reached full arrest in the CA3-PCL. Volume deficits were first observed after chronic stress exposure when 3 weeks, but not 24 h, of recovery had elapsed. Moreover, these volume deficits were associated with impairments in the Morris water-maze navigation, sustained down-regulation in the basal hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression, and deficits in the shutdown of acute stress-induced corticosterone secretion. Volume changes both due to normal maturation and after chronic stress exposure were independent of neuron number. Thus, a peripubertal-juvenile chronic stress paradigm that leads to significant alterations in the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can produce robust effects in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability, lasting into adulthood.

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“…Reports of studies of differential origins of drug ''abusing'' behaviors are sparse but suggest that social factors are more influential for females initiating drug use, and intrapersonal factors are more influential for males. [12,[23][24][25][26][27][28] If this is the case then are girls today experiencing more social pressures to use drugs than CHANGING PATTERNS OF U.S. DRUG USE 1239…”

Section: Convergence Of Prevalence Rates By Gendermentioning

confidence: 95%

Changing Patterns of “Drug Abuse” in the United States: Connecting Findings From Macro- And Microepidemiologic Studies

Sloboda

2002

Substance Use & Misuse

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Trend analyses of the U.S. monitoring data systems (the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and the Monitoring the Future Study) and of the country's surveillance program, the Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG), indicate that several new "drug abuse" patterns have emerged over the past several years. For adolescents, drug use rates are converging for females and males, the mean age at which youngsters initiate drug use has declined, and more young adolescents are reporting using drugs. Furthermore, emergent new drug use patterns are being observed by the CEWG. The use of drugs such as Rohypnol, the injecting of crack-cocaine, and the spread of methamphetamines by new traffickers challenge our existing knowledge and understanding of drug use and its prevention. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has funded several large longitudinal studies that follow selected children and adolescents into their twenties, and some into their thirties. This research has been a rich source of information on the determinants of initiating and continuing drug abuse. Yet the findings from the surveys have not been well explored by the longitudinal studies, nor have the findings from the longitudinal studies been used in the surveys to better understand the observed changing trends in drug use patterns. This paper addresses six issues that have been observed from the findings from analyses of data from the surveys or macroepidemiologic studies. Information from the sub-population or micro-epidemiologic studies are reviewed for possible hypotheses to explain each issue. Suggestions for further research and implications for prevention also are presented.

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Stressful Life Events and Adolescent Substance Use and Depression: Conditional and Gender Differentiated Effects

Cited by 88 publications

References 103 publications

Why do Women get Depressed and Men get Drunk? An Examination of Attributional Style and Coping Style in Response to Negative Life Events Among Canadian Young Adults

Why do Women get Depressed and Men get Drunk? An Examination of Attributional Style and Coping Style in Response to Negative Life Events Among Canadian Young Adults

Delayed effects of chronic variable stress during peripubertal‐juvenile period on hippocampal morphology and on cognitive and stress axis functions in rats

Changing Patterns of “Drug Abuse” in the United States: Connecting Findings From Macro- And Microepidemiologic Studies

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