Stresses and their impacts on proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

Dafalla, Ahmed Mohmed; Jiang, Fangming

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.033

Cited by 141 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…However, operating with large and fast transients in a load power is likely to drastically reduce the service life of the fuel cell, mainly due to failure, by various mechanisms, of the cells' membrane-electrode assemblies [14][15][16]. Fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems allow, by adopting appropriate energy management strategies [17][18][19][20][21], the use of the fuel cell as a stationary power generator.…”

Section: Structure and Operating Principles Of An Electric Vehicle Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

et al. 2018

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Recent environmental and climate change issues make it imperative to persistently approach research into the development of technologies designed to ensure the sustainability of global mobility. At the European Union level, the transport sector is responsible for approximately 28% of greenhouse gas emissions, and 84% of them are associated with road transport. One of the most effective ways to enhance the de-carbonization process of the transport sector is through the promotion of electric propulsion, which involves overcoming barriers related to reduced driving autonomy and the long time required to recharge the batteries. This paper develops and implements a method meant to increase the autonomy and reduce the battery charging time of an electric car to comparable levels of an internal combustion engine vehicle. By doing so, the cost of such vehicles is the only remaining significant barrier in the way of a mass spread of electric propulsion. The chosen method is to hybridize the electric powertrain by using an additional source of fuel; hydrogen gas stored in pressurized cylinders is converted, in situ, into electrical energy by means of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The power generated on board can then be used, under the command of a dedicated management system, for battery charging, leading to an increase in the vehicle's autonomy. Modeling and simulation results served to easily adjust the size of the fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain. After optimization, an actual fuel cell was built and implemented on a vehicle that used the body of a Jeep Wrangler, from which the thermal engine, associated subassemblies, and gearbox were removed. Once completed, the vehicle was tested in traffic conditions and its functional performance was established.

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Section: Structure and Operating Principles Of An Electric Vehicle Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

et al. 2018

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“…Whilst a number of studies in literature have focused on the ex-situ characterisation techniques to investigate the effect of mechanical compression on the fuel cell performance [33][34][35][36], others employed both ex-situ and in-situ techniques with less focus on the latter [37,38]. Some review studies have also been reported in the literature so far [39][40][41]. In all these studies, it was well recognised that mechanical stress is one of the main factors that affects PEFC performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no direct conclusion was drawn since there were no comparative studies on the different clamping procedures [39]. In a 2018 study, Dafalla and Jiang [40] reported a comprehensive review on the mechanical stresses and their related effects on structural properties of PEFC components and performances. The authors reviewed different sources of stress within the cell and their respective impacts on its performance deterioration as well as the induced structural damages of the fuel cell components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical compression on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells and analysis through in-situ characterisation techniques - A review

Khetabi

Bouziane

Zamel

et al. 2019

Journal of Power Sources

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One of the factors that affect the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance is the mechanical compression inside the stack. Although this compression plays an important role to ensure efficient gas sealing along with optimised electrical and thermal conductivities during PEFCs operation, excessive mechanical pressure may worsen the fuel cell performance through reducing the porosity and transport ability of PEFC components. In the last few years, intensive research studies have focused on the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) due to the strong relation of their compressibility with the performance of the PEFCs. A few review papers investigating the compression effect on individual fuel cell components have already been published. However, the evaluation of this effect on an operating PEFC has rarely been reviewed. This paper covers a comprehensive overview of the studies that have focused on the relationship between mechanical compression and the observed performance of a PEFC operating in real life conditions (in-situ). In this study, the effects of GDL properties with respect to the applied mechanical compression and the operating conditions are investigated. Much more work in literature has focused on GDL properties. Thus, an extended discussion is dedicated to this cell element in this paper.

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“…Degradation mechanisms and accelerated stress tests (AST) for PEMFC applications are reviewed , . Accelerated life time test protocols and diagnostic tools are being employed in assessing the durability and degradation mechanisms of fuel cell , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Potential Cycling on High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell with Different Flow Field Designs

et al. 2019

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Degradation of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membrane based fuel cells under accelerated potential cycling conditions is investigated in current study. Three unit cells with identical high temperature membrane electrode assembly were assembled with three different cathode flow field designs. The fuel cell is cycled between 0.5 V and 0.9 V with 3 min dwelling time for each voltage set point. Performance degradation mechanisms associated with differences in cathode flow design are identified. The fuel cell with multiple serpentine design is operated for a maximum of 4,821 potential cycles with only 38.6% of initial performance remaining at the end‐of‐test (EoT), whereas straight and parallel design operated for only 3,188 cycles. The electrochemical characterization studies reveal the cause of observed performance losses from polarization curves. Irrespective of the design type used there are very high activation losses observed which accelerated with accelerated stress tests (AST) testing. The impedance studies reveal high charge transfer resistance related to increased platinum crystal growth on cathode and reduced electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of catalyst. Overall the AST results in irreversible performance loss and severe degradation of the cathode catalyst support and catalyst itself.

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Stresses and their impacts on proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

Cited by 141 publications

References 133 publications

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle

Effects of mechanical compression on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells and analysis through in-situ characterisation techniques - A review

The Effect of Potential Cycling on High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell with Different Flow Field Designs

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