Stress wave testing of concrete: A 25-year review and a peek into the future

Hertlein, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.029

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Stress wave propagation along the slender bar can be simulated experimentally using an SHPB device. Through this test, the dynamic properties of a specimen material can be obtained [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The fundamental theory of the stress wave propagation in a slender bar can also be used to test the pile integrity.…”

Section: Analytic Solution For Stress Wave Propagation In Viscoelamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic-Plastic Rock-Like Materials

et al. 2016

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Rock-like materials are composites that can be regarded as a mixture composed of elastic, plastic, and viscous components. They exhibit viscoelastic-plastic behavior under a high-strain-rate loading according to element model theory. This paper presents an analytical solution for stress wave propagation in viscoelastic-plastic rock-like materials under a high-strain-rate loading and verifies the solution through an experimental test. A constitutive equation of viscoelastic-plastic rock-like materials was first established, and then kinematic and kinetic equations were then solved to derive the analytic solution for stress wave propagation in viscoelastic-plastic rock-like materials. An experimental test using the SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) for a concrete specimen was conducted to obtain a stress-strain curve under a high-strain-rate loading. Inverse analysis based on differential evolution was conducted to estimate undetermined variables for constitutive equations. Finally, the relationship between the attenuation factor and the strain rate in viscoelastic-plastic rock-like materials was investigated. According to the results, the frequency of the stress wave, viscosity coefficient, modulus of elasticity, and density play dominant roles in the attenuation of the stress wave. The attenuation decreases with increasing strain rate, demonstrating strongly strain-dependent attenuation in viscoelastic-plastic rock-like materials.

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Section: Analytic Solution For Stress Wave Propagation In Viscoelamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic-Plastic Rock-Like Materials

et al. 2016

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“…Some of the commercially available structural integrity technologies are cross‐hole sonic logging, gamma–gamma logging, thermal integrity profiling, high‐strain dynamic testing, and low‐strain sonic echo testing. The first three techniques base on monitoring the variation in wave velocity, the intensity of gamma radiation, and the thermal profile during the curing of fresh concrete respectively, and all three require embedded tubes in the pile shaft, and, therefore, they are only applicable for the cast in situ concrete piles . Alternatively, the potentials of acoustic emission and the conventional vibration‐based techniques for the pile assessment are also investigated; however, such methods require continuous monitoring of the structure under inspection, which is not feasible for the piles driven under the ground …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel vibration structural health monitoring technology for deep foundation piles by non‐stationary higher order frequency response function

Gelman

Kırlangıç

2020

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Damage in the precast concrete piles occurs mostly during installation. The wave propagation‐based nondestructive testing (NDT) is commonly used to estimate the effective length of the pile after installation and to detect pile damage. However, information extracted from this type of diagnosis is limited and subjective. Whereas, the vibration‐based NDT could provide a comprehensive automatic pile health diagnosis tool. In this paper, a new higher order vibration‐based health diagnosis technology, which utilizes a shaker to generate sweep‐sine excitation and an adaptive nonlinear non‐stationary higher order spectral analysis, is introduced for foundation piles. This research describes two different diagnostic technologies, namely, the advanced nonlinear non‐stationary chirp Fourier bicoherence (CFB) technology and the novel nonlinear non‐stationary frequency response function of the CFB (FRF‐CFB) technology. The CFB is a technology which is capable of quantifying the amplitude and phase coupling between harmonics of pile resonance oscillations caused by a damage. However, in practices, the amplitude and phase coupling between harmonics of pile resonance oscillations may be caused also due to the phase‐coupled harmonics of an interference imposed by an excitation source (e.g., shaker). Therefore, the novel diagnosis technology, FRF‐CFB, which detects nonlinearity caused solely by a structural damage, is proposed and implemented for real‐scale precast concrete piles. It is found that the FRF‐CFB technology successfully identifies the damaged piles. Finally, the diagnosis based on the conventional pile integrity testing, conducted on the same piles, is presented for comparisons with the FRF‐CFB technology and with the CFB technology.

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“…In NDT, ultrasonic waves, impact echo (IE), and ground-penetrating radar technologies are used. (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) These methods can detect defects such as cracks or cavities occurring inside a concrete structure. Among them, the IE method (8) is one of the most well-known NDT methods, and it detects the state inside concrete using elastic waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Defect Inside Duct Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Oh¹,

Choi²,

Song³

et al. 2020

Sensors and Materials

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Prestressed concrete (PSC) box-girder bridges are grouted after inserting a tendon in the duct in order to protect the tendon from the risk of corrosion. However, because of the small inside diameter of the duct, it is difficult to completely fill it with concrete (grout) and even small mistakes can cause defects. Today, the complex and professional analysis of the signals measured by nondestructive testing (NDT) is conducted by a geophysicist to detect defects. However, owing to the limitations of NDT, accurate detection is very difficult. We introduce a deep learning model for defect detection to help working-level officials in the field immediately perform defect detection without the need for such complex and professional analysis. In this study, we apply the long short-term memory (LSTM), which is one of the deep learning models with good performance for time series data. Moreover, we use raw impact echo (IE) signals measured using IE equipment and some characteristics of the bridge (concrete thickness, depth of duct, and distance between the measured point and hit point). At this time, because the value of the signal was very small, we standardized the raw data to perform normalization. As a result of the experiment, we obtained an average accuracy of 82.58%.

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Stress wave testing of concrete: A 25-year review and a peek into the future

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic-Plastic Rock-Like Materials

Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic-Plastic Rock-Like Materials

Novel vibration structural health monitoring technology for deep foundation piles by non‐stationary higher order frequency response function

Detection of Defect Inside Duct Using Recurrent Neural Networks

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