Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Young Nulliparous Female Athletes

Joseph, Christine G.; Srivastava, Kosha; Ochuba, Olive; Ruo, Sheila W; Alkayyali, Tasnim; Sandhu, Jasmine K; Waqar, Ahsan; Jain, Ashish; Poudel, Sujan

doi:10.7759/cureus.17986

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Considering UI types, previous studies also found SUI as the most prevalent UI among female athletes [ 4 ] and UUI among male athletes [ 12 ]. Rodríguez-López et al [ 12 ] observed a prevalence of 66.0% for SUI in elite female athletes and 38% for UUI in elite male athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary incontinence (UI) is the most prevalent pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) that occurs as a result of the perineal structure’s inability to cope with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite the multifactorial pathophysiology, physical effort from high-impact sports is important risk factors that could explain a higher prevalence in athletes compared to the sedentary population [ 3 , 4 ]. Athletes who practice these sports perform continuous ground impacts and/or abdominal contractions that suddenly increase IAP and impact on the pelvic floor (PF) musculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These physical demands are regularly developed by high-impact athletes specializing in any of the track and field events [ 5 , 6 ]. Their efforts during training routines may lead to a change in the physiological urethrovesical angle and, thus, urine leakage that may affect their social and personal life [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Track and Field Athletes According to Their Event Specialization: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rodríguez‐López

Acevedo-Gómez²,

Romero-Franco

et al. 2022

Sports Med - Open

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Background Physical effort in sports practice is an important trigger for urinary incontinence (UI). Among high-impact sports, all track and field events require continuous ground impacts and/or abdominal contractions that increase intra-abdominal pressure and impact on the pelvic floor musculature. However, studies to date have not taken into account the specific sports tasks that elite track and field athletes perform according to the competitive events for which they are training. Methods This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence, type, and severity of UI among elite track and field athletes considering their event specialization and training characteristics. A total of 211 female and 128 male elite track and field athletes answered an online questionnaire including anthropometric measures, medical history, training characteristics, and UI symptoms. To determine self-reported UI, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) was used. To determine UI type and severity, the incontinence questionnaire and incontinence severity index were used, respectively. Results The ICIQ-UI-SF showed that 51.7% of female and 18.8% of male athletes had UI, with stress UI (SUI) being the most frequent type (64.4%) for female and urge UI for male athletes (52.9%). Of athletes who were not identified as having UI according to the questionnaires, 24.6% of female and 13.6% of male athletes experienced urine leakage during training, mainly during jumping. Although training characteristics (experience, volume, and resting) were not related to UI, female athletes specializing in vertical jumps showed significantly lower UI prevalence compared to those specializing in horizontal jumps (χ2 [1] = 4.409, p = 0.040), middle-distance running (χ2 [1] = 4.523, p = 0.033), and sprint/hurdles events (χ2 [1] = 4.113, p = 0.043). These female athletes also displayed the lowest training volume. No differences were shown for males (p > 0.05). Conclusions Over half of the elite track and field female athletes have self-reported UI, especially SUI, and prevalence is higher when considering urine leakage events during training. Training characteristics and specialization were not related to UI identified by questionnaires, but female athletes specializing in vertical jump events showed the lowest prevalence and training volume. Males showed significantly lower prevalence, without correlation with their specialization. Sport professionals should increase UI detection among elite athletes and design-specific approaches that consider their physical demands to make visible, prevent, or improve pelvic floor dysfunction in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Track and Field Athletes According to Their Event Specialization: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rodríguez‐López

Acevedo-Gómez²,

Romero-Franco

et al. 2022

Sports Med - Open

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“…Les autres principaux facteurs de risque d'IU identifiés sont : l'âge, l'obésité [augmentation de l'IMC], la grossesse, ainsi que l'activité sportive. D'autres éléments mis en évidence sont l'énurésie et la dépression nocturnes infantiles, l'anxiété et une moindre maîtrise de soi chez des jeunes femmes nullipares, mais il n'est pas clair s'il s'agit d'une conséquence ou d'une étiologie de l'IU [26][27][28][29][30][31] . Plusieurs auteurs ont rapporté l'association de l'incontinence urinaire avec la violence sexuelle dans la région Est de la République démocratique du Congo.…”

Section: Prévalence Globale Et Type D'incontinenceunclassified

Urinary incontinence determinants and risk factors in adolescents and young women in democratic republic of Congo

Nako Iyongo,

Punga Maole Mongalembe,

Nkodila Natuhoyila

et al. 2022

Rev Med Brux

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“…Management of EFA patients with SUI includes limiting physical activity, using tampons, and limiting fluid intake. However, these measures adversely affect their running form and physical conditions [ 4 , 5 ]. The first-line treatment is PFM training (PFMT) [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Improvement in Urinary Incontinence in an Elite Female Athlete Through the Laser Treatment: A Case Report

Okui¹,

Ikegami²,

Mikić³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is increasing in elite female athletes (EFAs), affecting competition results and quality of life. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line treatment for SUI, and surgery is generally performed when PFMT is insufficient. However, in EFA, there are few cases in which surgery is performed and fewer reports. Therefore, there is no known general treatment strategy for EFA with SUI.In our study, a 23-year-old track-and-field medalist with severe SUI was successfully treated with a vaginal and urethral erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (VEL + UEL). After 12 treatments over one year, urinary incontinence decreased from 300 mL or more in the 400 m track run before treatment to 0 mL. She did not experience any more problems during running or competition. There was no recurrence of SUI for three years, and the urethral pressure profile examination confirmed improvement.MRIs showed that the left puborectalis muscle was absent from the first visit. The urethra was oval with an anteroposterior outer diameter of 10 mm and a transverse outer diameter of 13 mm before treatment. However, after three years of treatment, both anteroposterior and transverse diameters became circular, measuring 11 mm. Vaginal wall thickness increased from 8 to 12 mm at the center of the height of the urethra, making it possible to support the urethra, and pretreated adipose tissue space between the urethra and vagina disappeared.It was noted that the uneven and fragile urethra/vagina, the presence of adipose tissue space, and the absence of the left puborectalis muscle may have been the cause of the SUI. One year of VEL + UEL treatment resulted in long-term improvement of SUI; MRI showed changes in the urethra and vagina.

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Stress Urinary Incontinence Among Young Nulliparous Female Athletes

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Track and Field Athletes According to Their Event Specialization: A Cross-Sectional Study

Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Track and Field Athletes According to Their Event Specialization: A Cross-Sectional Study

Urinary incontinence determinants and risk factors in adolescents and young women in democratic republic of Congo

Long-Term Improvement in Urinary Incontinence in an Elite Female Athlete Through the Laser Treatment: A Case Report

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