Stress through handling for vaginal screening, serotonin, and ACTH response to ether

Sfikakis, Anastasia; Galanopoulou, Panagiota; Konstandi, Maria; Tsakayannis, Demetrios

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(95)02089-6

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…adrenals in female mice approximately twice the size of those in males, 16 has been confirmed here in both post mortem analysis (Table 2) and preliminary MRI studies (data not shown). Furthermore, the opposite direction of alteration for the thymus (involution/atrophy) and the adrenals (hypertophy), as seen here in the CRF-overexpressing mice, has previously been reported in rodents under various stressful situations, such as exposure to a cat, 17 handling for vaginal smear screening, 18 individual housing, 19 social instability 20 and individual housing following a defeat. 19 Whether these changes are always due to a direct overactivity of the CRF system is tempting to assume, but has not been proven in all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Non‐invasive, quantitative assessment of the anatomical phenotype of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐overexpressing mice by MRI

et al. 2001

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High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to quantify alterations in thymus and adrenal volumes, as well as body fat in genetically engineered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-overexpressing mice. When compared to the organs in age-matched wild-type animals, the adrenals in CRF-overexpressing male mice were significantly enlarged and the thymus volume in females was significantly smaller. The fat content was significantly larger in CRF-overexpressing mice. The anatomical alterations observed in the MRI studies were in perfect line with post-mortem data (weights of organs). Furthermore, the observed interstrain differences are in agreement with recently published data on (i) the effect of continuous, intraventricular infusion of CRF in rats and (ii) the presence of atrophic adrenals in CRF-knockout mice. The present studies demonstrate that MRI can provide reliable measures of relatively small structures such as the adrenal glands and the thymus in mice. This makes MRI an attractive, non-terminal tool to monitor in laboratory animals, including transgenic mice, the consequence of continuous stress on relevant organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Non‐invasive, quantitative assessment of the anatomical phenotype of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐overexpressing mice by MRI

et al. 2001

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“…Only rats showing two consecutive regular estrus cycles (4-5 days) were included in the study. Rats were gently handled in order to diminish stress from handling [15]. All the experiments were conducted under strict principles of animal care [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazepam Increases the Number of Punished Responses in a Conflict-Operant Paradigm during Late Proestrus and Estrus in the Wistar Rat

2001

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Both anxiety-like behavior and the response to anxiolytic drugs vary according to the estrus cycle in the rat. Consequently, anxiety-like behavior and the sensitivity to anxiolytic drugs may be related to hormone level fluctuations occurring during the estrus cycle. In male rats tested in a conflict-operant paradigm, anxiolytic drugs increase immediate punished responding. However, it is unknown whether estrus phases impinge on the immediate punished responses in a conflict-operant paradigm. Therefore, in this study female rats were trained in a conflict-operant paradigm; after training all animals received vehicle or diazepam. Then the number of immediate punished reinforcers was evaluated during the estrus cycle. Results showed that vehicle-treated rats evaluated during late proestrus and estrus obtained a higher (p < 0.05) number of immediate punished reinforcers than rats evaluated during metestrus and diestrus. A low dose of diazepam (1.3 mg/kg; i.p) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the immediate punished responses only in late proestrus and estrus. The highest dose of diazepam tested (2.0 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the immediate punished reinforcement in any estrus phase. These results suggest that a lower level of anxiety-like and an increased sensitivity to an anxiolytic drug occurred only in late proestrus and estrus in rats tested in a conflict-operant paradigm.

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“…The rate of metabolism is partly genetically determined but is also influenced by exogenous factors. The influence of stress on drug metabolism has been investigated in animals (1,2) and trauma and operation have been shown to act as stressogen stimuli (3), changing the pharmaeokinetic properties of drugs by altering the physiological functions of the organism (i.e, release of endogen substances). These factors affect the levels of some substances, such as catecholamines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in serum levels of quinolones in rats under the influence of experimental trauma

Trichilis¹,

Tesserommatis²,

Varonos³

2000

Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.

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Administration of antibiotics is considered an important factor during, or after, operational procedures in the maxillofacial area, in order to avoid post-surgical complications. In the present study, the levels of quinolones in serum and tissues such as the parotid gland, the tongue and the bone of the jaws were estimated during traumatic injury in the oral cavity. For this purpose, two groups (A and B) of Wistar rats, consisting of 35 animals each were used. Group A (control) and group B (experimental) were divided in five subgroups (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). In the experimental group, model traumatic injury was performed through the whole lenght of the cheek. Subjects received orally ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and cinoxacin. The concentration of quinolones in serum and in most of the tissues was significantly higher in the experimental groups than in controls. In addition, the FFA levels and the weight of adrenals (as indicators of stress) were higher in the trauma groups. Stress seemed to affect many pathophysiological mechanisms which are responsible for the alterations observed.

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Stress through handling for vaginal screening, serotonin, and ACTH response to ether

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Non‐invasive, quantitative assessment of the anatomical phenotype of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐overexpressing mice by MRI

Non‐invasive, quantitative assessment of the anatomical phenotype of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐overexpressing mice by MRI

Diazepam Increases the Number of Punished Responses in a Conflict-Operant Paradigm during Late Proestrus and Estrus in the Wistar Rat

Changes in serum levels of quinolones in rats under the influence of experimental trauma

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