Stress-strain state of karst areas

Baryakh, A. A.; Русин, Е. П.; Stazhevsky, S. B.; Fedoseev, A. K.; Хан, Г. Н.

doi:10.1007/s10913-009-0065-y

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For modelling sinkhole collapse, Baryakh et al (2008Baryakh et al ( , 2009 used the DEM to conduct simple stability tests and mechanical analyses for a single, instantaneously generated cavity of varying geometry, depth and overburden mechanical properties. Other studies have adopted a similar approach but also included discrete fracture networks (DFNs) that represent predefined or empirically determined discontinuities Figure 3.…”

Section: Numerical Modelling Of Sinkhole Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large subsurface cavities, the destabilisation of which can lead to ground collapse and the formation of sinkholes. Numerical simulation of the interaction of cavity growth, host material deformation and overburden collapse is desirable to better understand the sinkhole hazard but is a challenging task due to the involved high strains and material discontinuities. Here, we present 2-D distinct element method numerical simulations of cavity growth and sinkhole development. Firstly, we simulate cavity formation by quasi-static, stepwise removal of material in a single growing zone of an arbitrary geometry and depth. We benchmark this approach against analytical and boundary element method models of a deep void space in a linear elastic material. Secondly, we explore the effects of properties of different uniform materials on cavity stability and sinkhole development. We perform simulated biaxial tests to calibrate macroscopic geotechnical parameters of three model materials representative of those in which sinkholes develop at the Dead Sea shoreline: mud, alluvium and salt. We show that weak materials do not support large cavities, leading to gradual sagging or suffusion-style subsidence. Strong materials support quasi-stable to stable cavities, the overburdens of which may fail suddenly in a caprock or bedrock collapse style. Thirdly, we examine the consequences of layered arrangements of weak and strong materials. We find that these are more susceptible to sinkhole collapse than uniform materials not only due to a lower integrated strength of the overburden but also due to an inhibition of stabilising stress arching. Finally, we compare our model sinkhole geometries to observations at the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site in Jordan. Sinkhole depth ∕ diameter ratios of 0.15 in mud, 0.37 in alluvium and 0.33 in salt are reproduced successfully in the calibrated model materials. The model results suggest that the observed distribution of sinkhole depth ∕ diameter values in each material type may partly reflect sinkhole growth trends.

show abstract

Section: Numerical Modelling Of Sinkhole Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mechanical interaction of a single void space with its surrounding rock mass hereby has been thoroughly investigated by analytical methods (Tharp, 1999) and numerical modelling studies (Al-Halbouni et al, 2018;Baryakh et al, 2009;Fazio et al, 2017;Hatzor et al, 2010;Parise and Lollino, 2011). Little is known, however, about the mechanical relationships between multiple actively evolving void spaces in the sub-surface and how these may lead to the development of sinkhole clusters and large-scale depressions.…”

Section: Distinct Element Methods Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Element geomechanical modelling of the formation of sinkhole cluster within large-scale karstic depressions

Al-Halbouni¹,

Holohan²,

Taheri³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The 2D Distinct Element Method (DEM) code (PFC2D_V5) is here used to simulate the evolution of subsidence-related karst landforms, such as single and clustered sinkholes, and associated larger-scale depressions. Subsurface material in the DEM model is removed by a feedback loop to produce an array of cavities; this simulates a network of subsurface groundwater conduits growing by chemical/mechanical erosion. The growth of the cavity array is coupled mechanically to the surroundings such that cavities can grow also in part by material failure at their margins, which in the limit can produce individual collapse sinkholes. Two end-member growth scenarios of the cavity array and their impact on surface subsidence were examined in the models: (1) cavity growth at the same level and at the same individual growth rate; (2) cavity growth at progressively deepening levels with varying individual growth rates. These growth scenarios are characterised by differing stress patterns across the cavity array and its overburden, which are in turn an important factor for the formation of sinkholes and uvala-like depressions. For growth scenario (1), a stable compression arch is established around the cavity array, hindering sinkhole collapse into individual cavities and favouring block-wise subsidence across the whole cavity array. In contrast, for growth scenario (2), the stress system is more heterogeneous, such that local stress concentrations exist around individual cavities leading to stress interaction. Consequently, sinkhole collapses into individual cavities occurs by shear or tensile failure of the overburden, and these sinkholes lie within a larger scale depression linked to the cavity array as a whole. The results from models with growth scenario (2), which also account for variations in mechanical properties of the overburden, are in close agreement with surface morphological and subsurface geophysical observations from a karst area on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea.

show abstract

Section: Numerical Modelling Of Sinkhole Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…studies of cavity generation and sinkhole collapse Baryakh et al (2008Baryakh et al ( , 2009) used the DEM to investigate the effect of depth, geometry and mechanical properties on the collapsed state in karst. Their approach is to some extent similar to ours; however, essentially only the position of a rectangular or an arched cavity was varied for different uncalibrated materials.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Dem and Non-demmentioning

confidence: 99%

Answers to interactive comments Rev. 1

Al-Halbouni¹

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large subsurface cavities, the destabilisation of which can lead to ground collapse and the formation of sinkholes. Numerical simulation of the interaction of cavity growth, host material deformation and overburden collapse is desirable to better understand the sinkhole hazard but is a challenging task due to the involved high strains and material discontinuities. Here, we present 2-D distinct element method numerical simulations of cavity growth and sinkhole development. Firstly, we simulate cavity formation by quasi-static, stepwise removal of material in a single growing zone of an arbitrary geometry and depth. We benchmark this approach against analytical and boundary element method models of a deep void space in a linear elastic material. Secondly, we explore the effects of properties of different uniform materials on cavity stability and sinkhole development. We perform simulated biaxial tests to calibrate macroscopic geotechnical parameters of three model materials representative of those in which sinkholes develop at the Dead Sea shoreline: mud, alluvium and salt. We show that weak materials do not support large cavities, leading to gradual sagging or suffusion-style subsidence. Strong materials support quasi-stable to stable cavities, the overburdens of which may fail suddenly in a caprock or bedrock collapse style. Thirdly, we examine the consequences of layered arrangements of weak and strong materials. We find that these are more susceptible to sinkhole collapse than uniform materials not only due to a lower integrated strength of the overburden but also due to an inhibition of stabilising stress arching. Finally, we compare our model sinkhole geometries to observations at the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site in Jordan. Sinkhole depth / diameter ratios of 0.15 in mud, 0.37 in alluvium and 0.33 in salt are reproduced successfully in the calibrated model materials. The model results suggest that the observed distribution of sinkhole depth / diameter values in each material type may partly reflect sinkhole growth trends.

show abstract

Stress-strain state of karst areas

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area

Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area

Distinct Element geomechanical modelling of the formation of sinkhole cluster within large-scale karstic depressions

Answers to interactive comments Rev. 1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About