“…There are also some instances of studying the formability and damage behaviour of multi-phase steel as an application of representative volume elementbased micromechanical modelling in predicting the macro-mechanical behaviour of materials [20,21]. Whereas, the distribution of stress-strain behaviour along with the failure mechanism of dual-phase steels can also be predicted with 2-dimensional representative volume element model [22]. Moreover, with the help of representative volume element based micro-mechanical model it can be shown that the phase composition, grain size, intergranular boundary and its orientation with respect to tensile axis determines the strain partitioning and damage initiation [23].…”