Stress Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Ceramics: Part 3. Sensitivity to Compressive Stress Perpendicular to the Polar Axis

Krueger, Helmut

doi:10.1121/1.1910870

Cited by 75 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…In the case where large fields or stress are applied the theory cannot account for the behavior of piezoelectric materials and non-linear effects have been reported by a variety of authors. Berlincourt and Krueger [1959] looked at the general aspects of non-linearity as a function of stress and field while Krueger [1968] and others studied the stress dependence of the material properties of piezoelectric ceramics. Recent work by Vinogradov [1999] investigated the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of PVDF as a function of stress, time and temperature.…”

Section: Quasi-static Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the electromechanical properties of EAP materials

2001

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Electroactive polymers (EAP) are an emerging class of actuation materials. Their large electrically induced strains (longitudinal or bending), low density, mechanical flexibility, and ease of processing offer advantages over traditional electroactive materials. However, before the benefits of these materials can be exploited, their electrical and mechanical behavior must be properly quantified. Two general types of EAP can be identified. The first class is ionic EAP, which requires relatively low voltages (<10V) to achieve large bending deflections. This class usually needs to be hydrated and electrochemical reactions may occur. The second class is Electronic-EAP and it involves piezoelectric, electrostrictive and/or Maxwell stresses. These materials can require large electric fields (>100MV/m) to achieve longitudinal deformations at the range from 4 -360%. Some of the difficulties in characterizing EAP include: nonlinear properties, large compliance (large mismatch with metal electrodes), nonhomogeneity (resulting from processing) and hysteresis. To support the need for reliable data, the authors are developing characterization techniques to quantify the electroactive responses and material properties of EAP materials. The emphasis of the current study is on addressing electromechanical issues related to the ion-exchange type EAP also known as IPMC. The analysis, experiments and test results are discussed in this paper.

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Section: Quasi-static Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the electromechanical properties of EAP materials

2001

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“…Material properties were found to vary with the electro-mechanical boundary conditions, as well as time-history. The dependence of dielectric permittivity on the applied stress and electric field was also observed (Krueger, 1967(Krueger, , 1968Brennan and McGowan, 1997;Jordan et al, 2000). Experiments on doped PZT ceramics were pursued to determine the polarization domain switching under high electric fields and compressive stresses in order to explain the nonlinear effects (Lynch, 1996, Zhang et al, 1997Fan et al, 1999;Ching-Yu and Hagood, 2000;Lin and Hagood, 2000;Yang et al, 2000).…”

Section: State Of the Art In Active Materials Actuators Modeling And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Field Characterization of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Actuators

Pomirleanu

Giurgiutiu

2004

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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High-field theoretical and experimental analysis of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators is presented. First, the analysis of a piezoelectric stack actuator (PiezoSystems Jena PAHL 120/20) is described. A theoretical model based on the linear theory of piezoelectricity is developed. Extensive experiments were conducted, aimed at lowfrequency dynamic electro-mechanical behavior characterization. Curve fitting procedures are used to adjust the model coefficients for various load levels. Through comparison with experimental data, the model is adjusted to include nonlinear terms related to higher losses on the unloading cycle. Second, the impedance analysis of a magnetostrictive actuator (Etrema AA140J025) is described. Linear piezomagnetism is assumed, as an approximation to nonlinear magnetostrictive behavior about a bias point. Low-field and high-field impedance measurements were performed, revealing left shifting of the actuator resonance as the power is increased. Model tuning of the impedance model on the experimental data showed material parameters trends similar with those reported in the literature. Although the numerical values developed during this phenomenological study are particular for the actuators under consideration, the characterization approach can be extended to analysis of other actuators of this type.

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“…Kruegar [3,4] studied the stress sensitivity of piezoelectric ceramics to compressive stress parallel and perpendicular to the poling direction, respectively, and found that the former loading causes domain switch while the latter stabilizes the polarization. Huang et al [5] observed the non-linear behaviour of PLZT (lead lanthanum zirconate titanate) under electrical and mechanical loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully coupled non‐linear analysis of piezoelectric solids involving domain switching

Zeng¹,

Manzari²,

Lee³

et al. 2002

Numerical Meth Engineering

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SUMMARYDomain switching is the cause of signiÿcant non-linearity in the response of piezoelectric materials to mechanical and electrical e ects. In this paper, the response of piezoelectric solids is formulated by coupling thermal, electrical, and mechanical e ects. The constitutive equations are non-linear. Moreover, due to the domain switching phenomenon, the resulting governing equations become highly non-linear. The corresponding non-linear ÿnite element equations are derived and solved by using an incremental technique. The developed formulation is ÿrst veriÿed against a number of benchmark problems for which a closed-form solution exists. Next, a cantilever beam made of PZT-4 is studied to evaluate the e ect of domain switching on the overall force-displacement response of the beam. A number of interesting observations are made with respect to the extent of non-linearity and its progressive spread as the load on the beam increases.

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Stress Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Ceramics: Part 3. Sensitivity to Compressive Stress Perpendicular to the Polar Axis

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of the electromechanical properties of EAP materials

Characterization of the electromechanical properties of EAP materials

High-Field Characterization of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Actuators

Fully coupled non‐linear analysis of piezoelectric solids involving domain switching

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