Stress responses during total intravenous anaesthesia in ponies with detomidine - guaiphenesin - ketamine

Taylor, Polly; Watkins, S. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.1992.tb00079.x

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…1988;Taylor 1989;Ma1 etal. 1991;Taylor 1991;Covalesky et al 1992;Taylor and Watkins 1992;Taylor et al 1992;Clark et al 1993;Kaciuba-Uscilko et al 1994;Ockenfels et al 1995;Hydbring et al 1996;Smith et al 1996;Pollard 1997). There is a popularly held belief that horses in race training are in a stressful environment and, consequently, may be prone to conditions such as gastric ulceration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training

Vatistas

Sifferman²,

Holste³

et al. 1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Gastric ulceration is a prevalent condition of racehorses. A number of models of gastric ulceration have been described, but none mimic the conditions of a horse in training. The objectives of this study were to determine whether gastric ulcers could be induced and maintained in a group of horses in simulated race training. In addition, serum Cortisol was measured on a weekly basis to investigate the possibility that stress may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric ulceration. Thirty horses used in the trial were fed Bermuda grass hay and 6 kg of a concentrate diet, and exercised 6 days/week at speed over a distance of 1.6–2.4 km. Serum was collected and gastroendoscopic examinations performed on a weekly basis for the duration of the trial. All horses developed moderate to severe ulceration, and ulcers were maintained for the 56 day period of the trial. Only one horse had signs of abdominal discomfort, which resolved with minimal symptomatic treatment and without the use of antiulcer medications. Serum Cortisol remained within reference ranges for the duration of the trial. Although there was some variation between the weekly examinations, serum Cortisol concentrations were decreased from values obtained at the start of the trial. In this study ulcers developed without the administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents or withholding of feed. This model provides a method to study the condition, and to investigate the effects of medications on the healing of ulcers in racehorses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training

Vatistas

Sifferman²,

Holste³

et al. 1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) has become popular in the last decade in man (Sear, 1991), but few data are available from TIVA in horses. Taylor et al (1992Taylor et al ( , 1995 reported that maintenance of anaesthesia with detomidine. guaiphenesin and ketamine for 2 h produced stable cardiorespiratory function and depression of pituitary-adrenal activity, even during surgery in ponies and horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…guaiphenesin and ketamine for 2 h produced stable cardiorespiratory function and depression of pituitary-adrenal activity, even during surgery in ponies and horses. This technique has become popular for clinical use (Taylor et al. 1992) but pharmacokinetic studies made during TIVA with the original infusion rates, indicated that, although ketamine concentrations were stable, guaiphenesin concentrations increased, reaching unacceptably high values after 2 h of anaesthesia (Taylor et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1992) but pharmacokinetic studies made during TIVA with the original infusion rates, indicated that, although ketamine concentrations were stable, guaiphenesin concentrations increased, reaching unacceptably high values after 2 h of anaesthesia (Taylor et al, 1995). This may account for the ataxic recovery seen in pregnant mares (Taylor et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory, endocrine and metabolic changes in ponies undergoing intravenous or inhalation anaesthesia

Luna

Taylor

Wheeler

1996

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Six Welsh gelding ponies (weight 246 +/- 6 kg) were premedicated with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine intravenously (i.v.) followed by 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg of ketamine i.v. Ponies were intubated and lay in left lateral recumbency. On one occasion anaesthesia was maintained for 2 h using 1.2% halothane in oxygen. The same group of ponies were anaesthetized 1 month later using the same induction regime and anaesthesia was maintained with a combination of detomidine, ketamine and guaiphenesin, while the ponies breathed oxygen-enriched air. Electrocardiogram, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, respiratory rate, blood gases, temperature, haematocrit, glucose, lactate and cortisol were measured and cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were calculated in both groups. Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and catecholamines were measured in the halothane anaesthesia group only and 11-deoxycortisol during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) only. Cardiorespiratory depression was more marked during halothane anaesthesia. Hyperglycaemia developed in both groups. Lactate and AVP increased during halothane anaesthesia. Cortisol increased during halothane and decreased during TIVA. There were no changes in the other hormones during anaesthesia. Recovery was smooth in both groups. TIVA produced better cardiorespiratory performance and suppressed the endocrine stress response observed during halothane anaesthesia.

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“…ketamine by its sympathotonic effect and activation of pituitary adrenocortical axis stimulated the plasma cortisol level (Bettschart-Wolfensberger et al, 1996 andMahalingam et al, 2014). Taylor and Watkins (1992) , Taylor et al (1995), Luna et al (1996) and Taylor et al (1998) found out a reduction in plasma cortisol concentration during detomidine, ketamine, guaifenesin anaesthesia.…”

Section: Plasma Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress response of guaifenesin-ketamine anaesthetized cattle during surgery under detomidine/xylazine premedication

Gnanasekar¹,

Ramshankar²

2016

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci

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The study was conducted in twelve clinical cases of cattle undergoing diagnostic and surgical procedures warranting general anaesthesia. The cases were randomly divided into two groups: group I and group II each consisting of six cases. Detomidine @ 30 µg/kg (0.03 mg/kg) body weight and Xylazine @ 0.1 mg/kg body weight were used as pre-anaesthetics in groups I and II respectively. Ketamine @ 2.0 mg/kg body weight and guaifenesin @ 50.0 mg/ml of 5% dextrose solution was used as induction and maintenance agent in both the groups. There was no significant differences observed in the neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts in both the groups. The magnitude of blood glucose was higher in group II compared to that of group I. A non significant reduction in total serum protein was observed after sedation, after induction, during maintenance and after recovery in both the groups. Group II exhibited a significant increase in plasma cortisol level, whereas in group I, a reduction in plasma cortisol level noticed. Antioxidant activity was more marked in group II when compared to group I.

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Stress responses during total intravenous anaesthesia in ponies with detomidine - guaiphenesin - ketamine

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training

Induction and maintenance of gastric ulceration in horses in simulated race training

Cardiorespiratory, endocrine and metabolic changes in ponies undergoing intravenous or inhalation anaesthesia

Oxidative stress response of guaifenesin-ketamine anaesthetized cattle during surgery under detomidine/xylazine premedication

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