Stress Response of Veterinary Students to Gynaecological Examination of Horse Mares – Effects of Simulator‐Based and Animal‐Based Training

Nagel, Christina; Ille, Natascha; Erber, R.; Aurich, Christine; Aurich, Jörg

doi:10.1111/rda.12600

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the situation 3, the questionnaire indicated a low degree of stress in students and therefore did not agree with sAA values. This lack of agreement between questionnaires and salivary stress biomarkers such as cortisol, has also been identified in previous reports about veterinary students responses to different activities, for example public oral speech [16], gynaecological examination of horses [30], and in others psychological studies [31]. In addition, Campbell and Ehlert [31] have identified various elements that potentially contribute to the apparent dissociation between the emotional and the physiological response in acute psychosocial stress models such as underlying psychological traits and states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Influence of the way of reporting alpha-Amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study

Contreras-Aguilar¹,

Escribano²,

Martı́nez-Subiela³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The objective of this pilot study was to compare the different ways of measuring salivary alpha-amylase (sAA, enzymatic vs. concentration) and to evaluate the influence that the different ways of reporting the results can have in sAA interpretation. For this purpose, sAA was measured by direct quantification and also by an enzymatic assay in three different naturalistic situations, a physical stressor (situation 1) and two mental stressors of different intensity (situations 2 and 3). The results were expressed in three different ways (without correction, multiplied by flow rate and divided by protein concentration). sAA concentration and activity increased just after situations 1 and 3. When values were multiplied by the flow rate, significant changes after situation 1 were detected only for sAA activity but not for sAA concentration, being these changes of lower significance and magnitude that those observed for sAA activity without any correction. In addition, a significant increase in sAA activity was found at T+15 in situation 2. In situation 3 the significant decrease in sAA at T+15 disappeared. When values were divided by protein concentration, there were no significant changes in situations 1 or 3, but a decrease in situation 2 at T+0 and an increase at T+15. sAA activity and concentration showed a significant correlation in all situations. This pilot study points out that the way of expressing sAA can influence the results obtained in different stress models and also their interpretation. Therefore, how sAA is reported and the factors involved in the different ways of expressing sAA, should be taken into consideration for an objective interpretation of sAA values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Influence of the way of reporting alpha-Amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study

Contreras-Aguilar¹,

Escribano²,

Martı́nez-Subiela³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Nine of the 73 articles reviewed (12.3%) focused on equine simulators. All of the studies were experimental, and the techniques included: intravenous and intramuscular injections; 29 intra-articular (joint) injections; 30 diagnostic regional anaesthesia (nerve blocks); 31 endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract; 32 gynaecological examination; 33,34 laparoscopic ovariectomy; 35 and cardiac dissection. 36 Cardiac dissection was included as a clinical skill for the purposes of this article, due to the RCVS listing the ability to perform a post-mortem examination in their Day One Competences, and the assumption that the cardiac dissection procedure would be required as part of a thorough post-mortem examination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Table 1 provides a summary of all the simulators described in the reviewed literature. 14,15,19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]…”

Section: Simulators Applicable To All Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Simulators for Teaching Practical Clinical Skills to Veterinary Students — A Review

Braid

2022

Altern Lab Anim

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In the context of veterinary education, simulators are devices or sets of conditions aiming to imitate real patients and enable students to practice skills without the need for live animal use. Simulator use in veterinary education has increased significantly in recent years, allowing consistent practical teaching without reliance on clinical cases. This review examines the available literature regarding the use of simulation and simulators for teaching practical day one competences to veterinary students. Scientific databases were searched and 73 relevant articles were reviewed. The reviewed articles revealed that there are a number of simulators currently available to veterinary educators, that simulators can enhance student skills and provide an alternative learning environment without the need for live animal and/or cadaver use, and that they usually receive positive feedback from the students who use them. There appears to be a bias towards small animal simulators — however, some skills that are developed through the use of small animal or table-top models will be transferrable to other species. The majority of large animal simulators focus on bovine rectal palpation and/or pregnancy diagnosis. Further research is required to increase the repertoire of available simulators for use in veterinary education, in order to improve the practical skills of veterinary students and reduce the use of live animals and cadaver material for teaching purposes.

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“…It is essential to train students in these reproductive techniques and offer the opportunity to perform the technique in inert models to reduce the stress of both animal and operator. In 2015, Nagel et al [28] found that the cortisol levels and heart rate of students performing ultrasound examination in a simulator were lower than those who performed it directly on living animals. Simulators as educational tools can help students to overcome their anxiety while practicing some procedures [29], improving their learning curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, Nagel et al . [ 28 ] found that the cortisol levels and heart rate of students performing ultrasound examination in a simulator were lower than those who performed it directly on living animals. Simulators as educational tools can help students to overcome their anxiety while practicing some procedures [ 29 ], improving their learning curve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy validation of a low-cost handmade simulator (SIMCA-COW) in palpation, ultrasonography evaluation, and artificial insemination in cows

Silva

Matilla

2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Using simulators in high education enables practical training by repetition in circumstances close to reality reducing the stress of both animal and operator. The limited resources of veterinary schools, the increase in the number of students in lecture halls, and the low availability of animals for teaching due to welfare regulations, reduce teaching opportunities with live animals being simulator as the better alternative. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a low-cost handmade simulator (SIMCA-COW) in eight veterinary students inexperienced in palpation, ultrasonography evaluation, and artificial insemination in cows. Materials and Methods: Two sets of exercises were carried out: structure localization by rectal palpation and ultrasonography were evaluated by the inexpert veterinary students in the SIMCA-COW simulator. Also, evaluated the length of time to insert the insemination catheter through the cervix in the inert simulator during four sessions. Results: All the students were able to palpate both structures and to locate the body and both uterine horns by ultrasonography. Cervix and follicles were located by 5/8 (62.5%) students and 3/8 (37.5%) students found the corpus luteum by ultrasonography. A reduction in time span between the first and fourth intrauterine insemination attempts was observed (8.26 ± 2.7 vs. 3.69 ± 1.7; mean ± standard error; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The simulator validated in this study (SIMCA-COW) allows training and learning by repetition, saving the limitations found in live animal practice.

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Stress Response of Veterinary Students to Gynaecological Examination of Horse Mares – Effects of Simulator‐Based and Animal‐Based Training

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of the way of reporting alpha-Amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study

Influence of the way of reporting alpha-Amylase values in saliva in different naturalistic situations: A pilot study

The Use of Simulators for Teaching Practical Clinical Skills to Veterinary Students — A Review

Efficacy validation of a low-cost handmade simulator (SIMCA-COW) in palpation, ultrasonography evaluation, and artificial insemination in cows

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