Stress relaxation, creep, and internal stresses in high density polyethylene filled with calcium carbonate

Ek, C. G.; Kubát, J.; Rigdahl, Mikael

doi:10.1007/bf01332684

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Three different loads previously dried on 4 Å molecular sieves. 1-Octene (99%, Aldrich) was dried overnight over alumina were used: 2.16, 10.00, and 21.60 kg, as referred to as MI 2 , MI 10 , and MI 21 , respectively. The repreviously activated by heating at 240ЊC for 24 h, further treated overnight with powdery CaH 2 and sults was expressed in g/10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization-filled composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of homogeneous polyethylene-based composites

Hindryckx

Dubois

Jérôme

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Polyethylene-based composites have been prepared by ethylene polymerization with a Al/Ti/Mg catalyst previously deposited on the surface of kaolin (Satintone W/W and Satintone 5) or barite.1 Molecular weight (M w ) of the polyethylene matrix has been estimated from melt viscosity under steady shear flow and compared to the value measured by size exclusion chromatography. Tensile stress and strain, Young modulus, and impact energy have been measured in relation to the matrix molecular weight and the filler content. The effect of the main polymerization parameters, such as the Al/Ti/Mg composition, the addition of a transfer agent, e.g., an a-olefin or hydrogen, have also been investigated. These tensile and impact properties have been compared to composites of the same composition but prepared by melt blending of the filler and the preformed polyolefin. As a rule, the polymerization-filled composites have an improved mechanical strength compared to the analogues prepared by melt blending.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization-filled composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of homogeneous polyethylene-based composites

Hindryckx

Dubois

Jérôme

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…The importance of these interactions, with regard to the properties of the composite, constitute an important area of current research. It was furthermore concluded in the above work that the effect of these interactions became more pronounced at longer loading times, at higher strain levels and at higher filler concentrations [17]. If the contributions to the internal stress level from the matrix and the filler can be determined, then that part of the internal stress associated with the situation at the interface can be evaluated and could possibly be used for characterizing interfacial interactions with regard to long-term mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In an earlier work [17] dealing with the viscoelastic properties of HDPE-CaCO3 composites there were indications that the internal stress was influenced not only by the properties of the matrix and the filler content but also by interactions at the interface. The importance of these interactions, with regard to the properties of the composite, constitute an important area of current research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is this concept that underlies the work presented in this paper. From previous dynamic-mechanical analyses of certain filled polymers it was concluded that close to the filler surface an interphase region does exist [14,17,18]. It is of interest to investigate whether the internal stress concept can be used to estimate the extension of this interphase region, which in some cases can be associated with the degree of adhesion between the two phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was observed that the filler addition increased the internal stress to a greater level than that predicted from the increase in elastic modulus. The additional increase depended on the composition of the composite and is suggested to be associated with a decrease in the mobility of the macromolecules close to the filler surface [17]. By accounting for the variation of the internal stress level with strain and filler content a good prediction of the creep behaviour of the filled HDPE was obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Correlation between interfacial interactions and internal stresses in filled high density polyethylene

1988

Rheol Acta

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Abstract:The stress relaxation and the creep behaviour of high density polyethylene (HDPE) filled with glass fibres, clay (plate-like particles) or CaCO 3 (particles with irregular shape) were measured in uniaxial extension at room temperature. It was observed that the addition of filler increased the ir~ternal stress level, as evaluated from stress relaxation data. This increase was larger than the corresponding increase in the (short-term) elastic modulus. This behaviour may be attributed to a reduced macromolecular mobility in the matrix material close to the filler surface, i.e. to formation of an interphase region in the HDPE-matrix. From the internal stress values, the thickness of this interphase region around each filler particle was estimated, assuming a uniform coverage of the particles. It was suggested that the amount of matrix material with reduced mobility (or the thickness of the interphase region) reflected the degree of adhesion between the filler and HDPE. The change in the internal stress level due to the incorporation of different fillers, which were surface treated in some cases, was also consistent with the observed creep behaviour.

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Characterization of interfacial interactions in high density polyethylene filled with glass spheres using dynamic‐mechanical analysis

Kubát

Rigdahl

Welander

1990

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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194

147

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SynopsisThe dynamic-mechanical properties of high density polyethylene filled with 20% by volume of untreated glass spheres or glass spheres treated with a silane-based coupling agent were studied as a function of temperature and imposed tensile deformation. The coupling agent used is capable of providing covalent bonding between the polymeric matrix and the glass spheres. It is assumed that an interphase region is formed in the matrix around each filler particle with properties depending on the surface treatment of the filler, but different to that of the bulk matrix. It is shown how the mechanical loss factor can be used to characterize the properties of the interphase region and the degree of adhesion between the two phases, as affected by the surface treatment. We suggest that these kinds of measurements can be valuable when determining the effectiveness of various surface treatments of filler particles from a mechanical point of view.

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Stress relaxation, creep, and internal stresses in high density polyethylene filled with calcium carbonate

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Polymerization-filled composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of homogeneous polyethylene-based composites

Polymerization-filled composites prepared with highly active filler-supported Al/Ti/Mg catalysts. II. Properties of homogeneous polyethylene-based composites

Correlation between interfacial interactions and internal stresses in filled high density polyethylene

Characterization of interfacial interactions in high density polyethylene filled with glass spheres using dynamic‐mechanical analysis

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