Stress-related to COVID-19, anxiety, and protective factors among middle-aged and older adults in the largest outbreak areas in South Korea

Domestic Violence, Mental Health, and Resilience Among Older Adults in the U.S. During COVID-19

“…Previous research has reported that all types of domestic violence are positively associated with negative health outcomes including anxiety (Arokach, 2006; Malik et al, 2021), depression, and suicidality regardless of the victims’ age or gender (Rahmani et al, 2019; Yoon & Cummings, 2019; Yoon et al, 2020, 2022). However, older victims reportedly suffered considerably higher levels of anxiety during the pandemic (Farhat et al, 2022; Sediri et al, 2020; Yoon & Choi, 2022). Another mental health outcome associated with domestic abuse is loneliness, and domestic violence has been shown to be a predictor of loneliness (Arokach, 2006; Farhat et al, 2022; Lauder et al, 2004).…”

“…Loneliness is not an experience of being physically alone, but instead is a feeling of sorrow, or a sense of being disconnected from other people (Arokach, 2006; Goodman & Epstein, 2020). Studies have consistently shown that loneliness has a detrimental influence on mental, cognitive, and physical health (Gaeta & Brydges, 2021; Yoon & Choi, 2022). Loneliness may make victims even more vulnerable during challenging times (Goodman & Epstein, 2020; Tso & Park, 2020).…”

“…Resilience—the ability to bounce back from adversity or stress (Smith et al, 2008)—may help people sustain and recover their mental health after stressful life events or traumatic experiences such as violence, losing loved ones, loneliness, and health-challenging situations (Chen, 2020; Gerino et al, 2017; Ong et al, 2006; PeConga et al, 2020; Yoon & Choi, 2022). Resilience may lead people to employ effective coping strategies, successfully regulate their stress, and quickly recover from stressful life experiences and apprehension (Ong et al, 2006; PeConga et al, 2020; Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).…”

“…Resilience may lead people to employ effective coping strategies, successfully regulate their stress, and quickly recover from stressful life experiences and apprehension (Ong et al, 2006; PeConga et al, 2020; Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). In addition, resilience has been reported as a direct protective factor against negative mental health outcomes such as loneliness and anxiety before and during the pandemic (Igarashi et al, 2021; Killgore et al, 2020; Yoon & Choi, 2022; Zhang et al, 2020).…”

“…Resilience also has indirect effects as a mediator in the relationship between loneliness and depression (Zhao et al, 2018), between loneliness and frailty among older adults in nursing homes (Zhao & Si, 2021), between depression and psychological health among people with health issues (Liu et al, 2015), between loneliness and mental health among older adults (Gerino et al, 2017), between stress and anxiety, and between health and anxiety among older adults during COVID-19 (Yoon & Choi, 2022). Although older adults have demonstrated higher resilience than younger people during challenging times, including COVID-19 (Carstensen et al, 2020; Palgi et al, 2020; Rossi et al, 2021; Yoon & Choi, 2022), the impacts of domestic violence, loneliness, and resilience among older adults during the pandemic are understudied.…”