“…For instance, neuropsychological research has identified certain neural systems that appear to be relatively insensitive to changes in the current reward-value of an outcome, with the activity of these systems relating to the frequency of participants' overt selections of responses that yield now-devalued outcomes (Liljeholm, Dunne, & O'Doherty, 2015;Schwabe, Tegenthoff, Höffken, & Wolf, 2012;Soares et al, 2012;Tricomi et al, 2009; for a review, see Patterson & Knowlton, 2018). Research in this tradition also suggests that humans show more habitual responses when the goal-directed system is hindered (for example, by manipulations designed to produce ‗ego-depletion', Lin, Wood, & Monterosso, 2016); on related lines, it has also been suggested that acute stress can tilt the balance in favor of the habit system (Schwabe & Wolf, 2009;Smeets, van Ruitenbeek, Hartogsveld, & Quaedflieg, 2018)a result which mirrors findings from animal research (Braun & Hauber, 2013).…”